Supply Chain Management and Competitive Advantage

Introduction Managing the public hospitals is currently a tricky undertaking. This is due to the fact that the management is under constant scrutiny by the general public. Therefore, all funds from the public coffers must be effectively managed. The public resources on disposal is ever insufficient to meet all the needs for running a facility like a hospital and the meager resources that are available must not be wasted. That is why the concept of supply chain management is important in improving the performance of the organization (Davis, 1993, para. 4).Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Supply Chain Management and Competitive Advantage specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Supply chain management will eventually help in service delivery to the patients’ satisfaction while drastically cutting down the costs. In broad terms, supply chain management is a concept involving overseeing the finance, materials and also the information while it is moving from the supplier to producer and finally to the consumer. The idea of supply chain management is to minimize the need of holding stock in the organization. Supply chain management has three flows. Finance flow which entails financial arrangements of the organization with the third parties, that is, the suppliers and the customers. Information flow deals with processing the orders and being updated with the status of delivery. Finally, product flow entails how products move from supplier to the customers. To better understand supply chain management, it is important to identify its components. These include planning, sourcing and manufacturing, making, delivering and returning (Wailgum, 2007, p. 6). Background of the study The Children, Youth and Women’s Health Organization (CYWH) is a health facility which was established in 2004 by the Australian government. The primary objective of this organization is to promote the health of child ren, youth and the women. The hospital which based in Adelaide provides maternity services and specialist care for children who are suffering from chronic conditions. CYWH has a mission for delivering quality services for women, children and the young people by working hand in hand with clients and the partners to achieve the main goal of maintaining health of South Australians. The hospitals strategic plan covers a period of five years in which it hopes to establish the foundations for healthy nation. Analysis of the existing situation The current health care system existing in South Australia cannot be sustained and required to be overhauled. This is the main reason why the government established CYWH hospital to meet health needs of her people.Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The health and patterns of diseases are constantly changing in the southern part of Australi a. This is similar to other struggling nations. It is important to note that majority of the diseases can be treated and prevented. However it is not always possible to treat such diseases due to the fact that the people do not have sufficient finances that enables them access quality medical attention. Diseases such as obesity associated with unhealthy lifestyle are becoming common and a challenge to the authorities. Since it is expensive to manage the diseases, it is important to utilize supply chain management to help the hospital manage these diseases. The concept of supply chain management applies in this situation such that the drugs required to effectively treat the diseases need to move from the manufacturer, in this case the pharmaceuticals, to the government stores, then to the patients. This is a long chain consisting of many players and the impact of delaying or breaking any part of this chain can be immense. The prime objective of supply chain management is to drastical ly cut the cost and maintaining minimal inventories (Simchi-Levi, Kaminsky Simchi-Levi, 2003, p. 24). In CYWH hospital, there are incidences where accident victims are brought into the hospital but succumb to diseases due to host of factors such as shortage of doctors to attend the patients and shortage of medicine. Medicine for treating diseases may not be available when required due to logistic problems. For example, if the manufacturer is located out of Australia, the procedure for acquiring the medicine may not be as simple as it should be. Supply chain management will ensure that period between procuring the medicine from the pharmaceuticals and receiving them at the hospital is short. This will reduce the fatalities. It is common in the hospital that there are huge stocks of medicine not useful to the patients (Msimangira, 2009, p.3). These drugs are either slow moving or are expired. Such stock was bought at a cost. Therefore inventory costs such a patient dying or lose of m orale can be high. Unsatisfied patients will have to look other facilities for treatment if there hospital cannot accord them one. However, to implement such a system is not easy because the health industry is full of uncertainty (Simchi-Levi et al., 2003, p. 30). It is not sure when the patients will show up or when the medical suppliers will be obsolete. Such shortcomings drove the hospitals to buying huge quantity of medicines and causing unnecessary stock piles (Dong Xu, 2002, p.75).Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Supply Chain Management and Competitive Advantage specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The activities within the hospital are not organized. For instance, medical records of the patients are stored in a location which is far and retrieving them is not be easy. Therefore, installing the supplies chains management system in the hospital will bring various benefits such as inter-departmental coordi nation of the activities which makes it easy to run the hospital. The organization needs to integrate Information Technology (IT) in its operations (Poirier, 1998, p.100). This is because Information Technology is a vital component of supply chain management. According to Byrd and Davidson (2003, pp. 243-255), IT will bring various benefits such as the ability to track and monitor the drug movement along the supply chain. Tracing the assets of the hospital has been a tricky issue because of the physical locations (IBM, 2009, p. 3). With the introduction of supplies chain management, it will be easy to monitor and track the assets and other critical equipments owned by the hospital. There are activities which do not add value to the hospital and are not core operations of the hospital and therefore causes unnecessary spending (OECD, 2007, p.3). With the supply chain management system, there will be efficiency in the processes and will eliminate non value adding activities. Use of Pic k conveyors and order retrieval systems are some of the ways of eliminating such activities. Standardization of product.Purchasing of equipments haphazardly has led to unwarranted costs, hence there is need to standardize all equipments and the products so as to reduce careless spending of hard earned funds (Dyckhoff, Lackes Reese, 2002, p. 1). Standardization of products and equipments ensures that few products are procured in increased volumes from small number of suppliers (Anderson, 2010, para. 1-3). There is heavy discontent amongst the hospital staff as a result of the following findings. Key findings The activities of the hospital are not well coordinated, and as a result, there are high inefficiencies in the processes. Purchasing of machines and equipments that are not very important or are of marginal importance has led to the hospital incurring high costs. There is need of the hospital to embrace information technology. The future or current needs of the customers are no t being adequately met. The pharmaceuticals supplying the drugs to the hospital are not being paid on time The hospital staff is very discontented as a result of heavy workload. The processes within the organization are not consistent hence the organization is not efficient as a result. The patients are not well attended to and this has brought a lot of complaints from them. Conclusion Supply chain management can be of great importance in attaining operational efficiencies and effectiveness in the health sector (Deloitte, 2006, para. 4). This is because it will lead to drastic savings of costs and improved care of the patients. The importance of supply chain management is evident from the other sectors such as retail, hospitality, automotive, technology and space industries which have adopted and successfully integrated supply chain management in their systems (Christopher, 1999, p. 65). Healthcare industry has given a wide berth the supply chain management although it promises to bring radical improvements to this sector (Spens Bask, 2002, pp.73-88).If supply chain management is entrenched into the operations of the hospital, it can generate economies that permit the organizations to reallocate money and other resources to patients leading to ultimate satisfaction (McGullog, Wadsley, 1999, p.220).Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Reference List Anderson, D. Part standardization. 2010. Web. http://www.build-to-order-consulting.com/Standardization.htm Byrd, T. Davidson, N. 2003. Examining possible antecedents of IT impact on the supply chain and its effect on firm performance. Information Management. Vol. 41, Issue 2, pp. 243-255. Christopher, M.1999. Logistics and supply chain management: strategies for  reducing cost and improving service. London: Pitmann Publishing. Davis, T.2010. Effective supply chain management. 1993. Web. Available at: http://www.ie.bilkent.edu.tr/~ie571/davis%201993.pdf. Deloitte.2006. Healthcare, health, services, supply chain, management, service  delivery. Web. Available at: http://www.deloitte.com/view/en_CA/ca/services/consulting/strategyandoperations/supplychainmanagement/3d6f483cc320e110VgnVCM100000ba42f00aRCRD.htm. Dong, Y., Xu, K. 2002.A supply chain model of vendor managed inventory. Logistics  and Transportation Review.Vol.38, issue 2, pp.75-95. Dyckhoff, H., Lackes , R. Reese, J.2004. Supply chain management and reverse  logistics. New York: Springer. IBM.2007. IBM RFID for Supply Chain and Logistics: Reusable asset tracking solution.  Web. Available at: http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:_RCWxOac7YEJ:www.ibm.com/common/ssi/cgi-bin/ssialias%3Finfotype%3DPM%26subtype%3DSP%26htmlfid%3DSAS03009USEN%26attachment%3DSAS03009USEN.PDF%26appname%3DSNDE_SA_SA_USEN_SB+.+IBM+RFID+for+Supply+Chain+and+Logistics:+Reusable+asset+tracking+solutioncd=1hl=enct=clnkgl=ke . Msimangira, K.2009. Supply chain integration, supplier commercial relationships,  and order fulfillment practices in public hospitals. Web. Available at: http://www.pomsmeetings.org/ConfProceedings/011/FullPapers/011-0826.pdf . McGullog, T. Wadsley, T. 1999. The general principles of value chain management. Supply Chain Management. An International Journal. Vol. 4,issue 5, pp.218 – 225. OECD. 2007. Moving Up the Value Chain: Staying Competitive in the Global Ec onomy. Web. Available at: http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/24/35/38558080.pdf . Simchi-Levi, D., Kaminsky, P., Simchi-Levi, E. 2003. Designing and managing the  supply chain: concepts, strategies, and case studies. New York: McGraw Hill. Solis, L. 2002. The management of successful strategic alliances in supply chain  management networks: An empirical study of successful factors in Spain. Web. Available at: http://latienda.ie.edu/working_papers_economia/WP02-09.pdf . Spens, K., Bask, A. 2002. Developing a framework for supply chain management. International Journal of Logistics Management. Vol. 13, issue 1, pp.73 – 88. Wailgum, T.2010. Supply Chain Management Definition and Solutions. Web. Available at: http://www.cio.com/article/40940/Supply_Chain_Management_Definition_and_Solutions . This assessment on Supply Chain Management and Competitive Advantage was written and submitted by user Sidney Frederick to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here. Supply Chain Management and Competitive Advantage Introduction It is the aim of every firm to maximize its profits and reduce costs while at the same time gaining higher market possession for its good or services. Most of the firms have traditionally concentrated on profit maximization concept and have therefore put a lot of effort on cost of raw materials and other inputs that are seen to be more important than anything else.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Supply Chain Management and Competitive Advantage specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More But recently other aspects have been emerging as being also important in increasing efficiency in operations thus, reducing costs in a firm. Firms have realized that supply chain management play a key role in reducing costs as well as improving relationships with other players in the market, consequently increasing a firm’s competitive advantage. Definition Supply chain is the interconnection of organizations involving the flow of raw materials, finished products, finances and information that helps in facilitating production marketing and selling of goods and products. It can either be downstream where it starts from the supplier of raw materials and flows through the manufacturer to the retailer and lastly to the customer, or upstream where the point of emanation is at the customer then it passes through the retailer, manufacturer and finally at the supplier. Supply chain management is therefore, the management of the supply chain system to ensure smooth running and efficiency in the system hence benefiting from it (Horch 2009). Additionally, supply chain management involves inclusion of important factors that help in value addition to the customer as well as the involved organization. Importance of supply chains Manufacturers expect to get the raw materials at the right time, to ensure continuity in production process as interruption interferes with the availability of the commodity for deliver y to buyers. On top of that, producers want to maintain as minimal inventory as possible to reduce storage costs, while the suppliers expect payment in good time to help them continue supplying. On the other hand, retailers and wholesalers want a stead supply of goods to ensure that they do not run short of any commodity, while the level of inventories is relatively low since huge inventory increases storage cost but bring no income (Bolstorff Rosenbaum 2012). In conjunction to that, availability of the commodity within the customer’s reach at all times is very important not only in maintaining customers, but also in attracting new ones. All these expectations can only be achieved through proper and efficient management of the supply chain to ensure that the flow either downstream or upstream is uninterrupted timely and cost effective (Horch 2009).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Supply chain and competitive advantage Ability of the firm to secure competitive advantage over its competitors enables the firm to emerge the winner during competition, and this can be achieved through proper management of the supply chain of the firm. Supply chain management requires that a firm carries out it’s competencies but outsource what requires specialization (Bolstorff Rosenbaum 2012). Since Kellogg’s is not specialized in transportation issues, it hires TDG a logistics firm which has a lot of experience in this line of specialization. In addition, supply chain management facilitates turnover expansion through value addition where producers get involved in assisting the retailers to reduce their operation costs mostly through delivering commodities just when they are needed reducing the retailers’ cost of holding inventory. Kellogg’s has achieved this through its joint efforts with Tesco in the Ready Shelf Unit strategy which oth er than reducing the staff cost for Tesco it increases its turnover as well as that of Kellogg’s. When an organization in the supply chain realizes that there is value increase by being in the system, it becomes more willing to be part of the system hence increasing competitive advantage (Bolstorff Rosenbaum 2012). Furthermore, through proper supply chain management a firm is able to know areas of weakness of the partner. The firm can then rectify by helping in these areas and in turn the partner will be forced to stick with the firm hence, gaining competitive advantage over the competitors. On top of that, supply chain management also helps in the reduction of costs of operation for example maintaining high inventories of either raw materials or finished products or the transportation costs which mostly increases because of sending low quantities several times (Horch 2009). Through proper supply management, transportation is well coordinated such that goods are sent when th ey are required and this is always harmonized such that retailers in the same area can be supplied at the same time thus, reducing the chances of vehicles wasting space on their supply trips. Kellogg’s achieves this by incorporating Kimberley Clark, another manufacturer, therefore sharing transportation expenses which help in reduction of costs and consequently commodity price hence attracting more customers. Having the products at the retailers’ shelves all the time is also a key factor in ensuring that demand for the firm’s goods is high. When customers receive advertisement of certain products and they are able to get them from the retailers when they want them, the probability of them sticking to the product increases.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Supply Chain Management and Competitive Advantage specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In addition to that, the firm can use the retailers for promotion reasons when they have ensured constant supply of their commodities (Horch 2009). Kellogg’s has achieved this by liaising with the retailers to ensure its products are on the shelves always while ensuring that the retailers help in promoting the products. Its prices are also competitive because of the cost effective means of distribution due to efficient supply chain management. Process Integration The level of integration in the supply chain system highly depends on the number of components that are involved as well as the complexity of each component. It should be noted that, every aspect of the supply chain should be taken care of properly for the benefits of the firm. Information needs to be incorporated in the system as it helps in collection of feedback from the customers so that effective action can be taken in time to avoid any losses that might be imminent. Products must reach the consumer who is the final person in the chain and therefore anybody or firm t hat can help in delivering the product to the final consumer efficiently should be integrated in the system (Bolstorff Rosenbaum 2012). The process should also take into consideration the risk and reward issue to ensure that there is encouragement for the partners to remain in the chain thus, reducing the risk of chain breakdown. The culture and attitude of the partners also need to be managed for they will highly interfere with the normal flow within the chain. Proper management of this will ensure that partner differences are resolved and they do not affect the supply chain. On top of that, it is also important to look beyond the delivery of the commodity to the customer and take care of the environment which also increases the level of integration. Globalization and Emerging issues The concept of globalization has introduced new challenges into supply chain management hence, compelling the bodies involved to devise new ways of dealing with them. Firstly, globalization has made f irms to venture into foreign markets which have different tax structures than their home countries. This has led to the emerging of a method of managing the supply chain while taking into consideration the difference in tax structures (Bolstorff Rosenbaum 2012). Tax efficient supply chain management ensures that global firms take advantage of the difference in tax structures to increase their profits.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The importance of going beyond the delivery of the commodity to the customer and look at the disposal of waste materials and the environmental sustainability has also posed a new challenge. This has led to the emergence of the concept of reverse logistics which also should be taken into consideration. Besides, availability of many substitutes due to globalization has increased competition and the linear supply chain management is no longer feasible, therefore firms have to look for a new mode of management (Horch 2009). Conclusion Supply chain management plays an important role in increasing competitive advantage of any firm thus increasing its profit margin, hence its importance in today’s management. Unfortunately, globalization has caused the business environment to changing every now and again compelling firms to be on their toes and come up with more effective methods of supply chain management to remain competitive. References Bolstorff, P. Rosenbaum, G. R. (2012). Sup ply Chain Excellence. New York: AMACOM Div American Mgmt Assn. Horch, N. (2009). Management Control of Global Supply Chains. Norderstedt: BoD-Books on Demand. This essay on Supply Chain Management and Competitive Advantage was written and submitted by user Alondra Henderson to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Hotline Essays - File Sharing Networks, Online Chat, Free Essays

Hotline Essays - File Sharing Networks, Online Chat, Free Essays Hotline The Hotline Connect software suite enables Server communities on personal computers worldwide that combined, comprise the Hotline Network. Hotline Communications cannot, and does not, monitor, track or control the activity or content on Hotline Servers outside the Hotline Network, and as such, does not guarantee the accuracy, integrity or quality of such activity or content. Hotline Communications does, however, extend the following Usage Policy to all users, including those users on Servers outside the Hotline Network, as a guide to personal conduct while on Hotline. We advise all Hotline users NOT to use Hotline software to do the following: a. upload, post or otherwise transmit Content that is unlawful, harmful, threatening, abusive, harassing, tortuous, defamatory, vulgar, obscene, libelous, invasive of another's privacy, hateful, or racially, ethnically or otherwise objectionable; b. harm minors in any way (Server administrators who wish to share private material with Server visitors are asked to use the Server's security features to limit Server access to minors); c. impersonate any person or entity, including, but not limited to, a Hotline Communications representative, employee, guide or host, or falsely state or otherwise misrepresent any affiliation with a person or entity; d. upload, post or otherwise transmit any content without the express right to transmit under any law or under contractual or fiduciary relationships, such as inside information, proprietary and confidential information that is learned or disclosed as part of employment relationships or under nondisclosure agreements; e. upload, post or otherwise transmit any content that infringes any patent, trademark, trade secret copyright or other proprietary rights of any party; f. upload, post or otherwise transmit any unsolicited or unauthorized advertising, promotional materials, junk mail, spam, chain letters, pyramid schemes, or any other form of solicitation, except in those areas (such as shopping areas) that have been designated for such purposes; g. upload, post or otherwise transmit any material that contains software viruses or any other computer code, files or programs designed to interrupt, destroy or limit the functionality of any computer software or hardware or telecommunications equipment; h. disrupt the normal flow of dialogue, or otherwise act in a manner that negatively affects other users' ability to engage in real time exchanges; i. interfere with or disrupt the Hotline Service or Server Network connected to the Service, or disobey any requirements, procedures, policies or regulations of networks connected to the Service; j. intentionally or unintentionally violate any applicable local, state, national or international law, including, but not limited to, any rules of any national or other securities exchange, and any regulations having the force of law; k. stalk or otherwise harass other users; l. collect or store personal data about other users. Hotline Communications has also implemented a number of measures to help protect the rights, property, and personal safety of Hotline Communications, its users and the public on the Hotline Network, including: Terms of Service: All administrators of Servers listed on the Hotline Network are required to agree to our Terms of Service before listing on our Network. Client License Agreement: All users of the Hotline Client are required to agree to the terms outlined in their Client License Agreement before downloading the Client software. Server License Agreement: All users of the Hotline Server are required to agree to the terms outlined in their Server License Agreement before downloading the Server software. Room 222: Updated information and online discussions on political and legal developments concerning the Internet are held regularly in Room 222 (IP 207.245.14.163.222), a Server on HLtracker.com. Please report any violations of the Hotline Usage Policy and/or Terms of Service to [emailprotected] If possible, please include the IP address of the offending Server and the approximate time, date and details of the violation. Bibliography www.bigredh.com

City of God Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

City of God - Essay Example Considering the type of theme presented in the story, this article will use the movie to analyze various planning issues in the film like urban slum and physical environment, urban crime and youth gang, lack of social and economic mobility and the importance of Education. The movies is a perfect depiction of life in the urban slums since it presents many incidence which are slums-like. The movie presents various lifestyles that relates to the slums style of living, from how people relate to the type of business carried out. First, the movies shows that in the urban slums people usually do not have homesteads where they can enjoy their privacy. This is shown at the beginning of the movie when the gang chases after chicken which obviously was not there’s. The gang chasing the chicken, shows that no individual have privacy in the city instead they live in plots. This is a perfect description of the today’s urban slum life where individuals usually live in places they rent besides other individuals. Further, the movie also presents the real traits of individuals living in the slums. When the gang meets Rocket, he (Rocket) presents a strong feeling that the gang were likely to kill him. This is a vivid description for the lawlessness existing in the physical environment of the urban slums. ... This depiction of lawlessness also makes the movie to be relevant as it presents a real life in the urban slums with how the people are trying to life. Most of the governments always presents little support to the people living in the urban slums. Consequently, it is possible to conclude that the movie presents sarcasm to the governments who usually live far from the people in the slums. The theme of the movie can also be depicted in the taligne, â€Å"if you run, the beast catches; if you stay, the beast eats† (Netfix,2002). This taligne is a good interpretation of what is happening in the slums where individuals do not know the fate of what they are doing. In proper English, the taligen means that an individual there are both positive and negative consequences of doing something good or bad. They have to do it whether it is bad or good, since there is no authority to regulate the actions. Urban crimes and youth gang The plot of the movie comes out to be crime oriented, with presentation of the youth gangs, who an individual can depict as the ones controlling the whole city. The youth gang does what they feel like at any time, with the public having no objection but to accommodate them. From the beginning of the movie, the movie depicts a gang chasing after a chicken, which is obviously not theirs. Further, the gang also meets Rocket and the only thing coming in his mind is that they are likely to kill him. This depicts a region where crime is the talk of the day, with no action taken by the authorities. The people in the region live by the â€Å"law† set by the crime perpetrators. To show that the people live by crime, the movie depicts three thieves whom there is job is to loot the existing business while taking part of their loot to the people. This is

Hiring FBI Agents Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Hiring FBI Agents - Essay Example This has been refined over the years that only the best of the candidate pool even makes it to a formal interview stage. The disadvantage to this process is that some excellent candidates may be looked over and denied an opportunity to advance within the FBI because of one test score that is just a few points off the mark. Such cut and dry approaches to determining the validity of candidates can backfire at times because it negates the human aspect of looking at other desirable qualities that might be present in excess and are just what the FBI is needing. Such a multiple hurdles approach to hiring would actually motivate to choose a career with the FBI, were I to be interested in that path. The special agent position is a coveted role within law enforcement (Bowman, Carlson, Colvin, & Green, 2006). It is an elite position that I would be proud to be a part of and it would be seen as a great life accomplishment were I to make it through the entire process and be hired by the FBI in this role. The complexity of the hiring process illustrates the seriousness by which the organization views the job. I would be lined up against the very best of the best, and this would serve to increase my level of motivation to pass each exam, ensure that my personal life was well rounded and possessed integrity, and work hard to eventually land the job. In the end, the FBI is not the only such law enforcement position that is coveted by such minded individuals today. As such, the process may be too long and drawn out to bring out the very best applicants in any giving hiring season. While the steps involved in the process do not necessarily need to change, the FBI might look at ways to sped up the process so individuals know much sooner where they stand in terms of the likelihood that they will actually be hired. This is important for many reasons. To begin, if the individual is in the middle of a long hiring

On Modern New Reportage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

On Modern New Reportage - Essay Example    Garofoli's article was built on the recent emergence of the so-called Patriotic Millionaires for Fiscal Strength, a group of millionaires who are urging the government to tax the rich. It investigated, hence, the wider issue of taxation, which has divided the political parties since. Democrats are in favor of such measure while Republicans, with their preferred economic model, wants to leave them alone. Using millionaire Doug Edward, as a basis for the report, Garofoli built his narrative on the millionaire's now famous quote, "Would you please raise my taxes?" This article is important because it highlights two important sociological issues: that of the economy and of policymaking. Edward and what he stood for in the news story demonstrates that two prevailing approaches by which the economic system in America operates. The first is the conservative model wherein the government takes in a lesser regulatory role and leaves most to the capitalists. On the other side, there is the progressive approach to the economy that prescribes greater regulation and equitability of wealth. The economic dimension is augmented by the politics of the policymaking process. The article, for example, used two resource persons, each representing the dominant political ideologies, explaining their own perspective on the issue. Occupy London Meanwhile, Alleyne's report is part of the series of news documenting the still ongoing Occupy London protest, which took after the Occupy Wall Street in the United States, the demonstration against economic inequality, corporate greed, and social injustices among other related issues that led to similar demonstrations in other countries. It reported a recent move by protesters to occupy an abandoned building, which came after they have peacefully occupied the land around St. Paul’s Cathedral, adjacent to the London Stock Exchange. The significance of this news report has anchored the fact that Occupy London, as with other versions of this demonstration, touches on several sociological issues that are spawned by the current dominant economic system around the world. The perception, especially among the participants in the protest, is that such system has come to be monopolized by capitalists, corporate entities and multinationals whose sole motive is profit, which is often gained at the expense of the public - their welfare, their rights, and opportunities. Critique Garofoli’s article is what can be considered as the ideal news report. There is an obvious effort to achieve a balanced and objective reporting to document an event and the issues it entailed. If one examines the article, for instance, the writer took pains in taking the sides of opposing stakeholders. Cases in point are the quotes and arguments coming from both political sides. Then there is also the angle wherein the perspectives of the policymakers were presented side by side the opinions and points raised by the public. Throughout the pape r, it is hard to identify an instance wherein the reporter displayed bias or ingratiated his own opinion on what he is reporting. This case cannot be said about Alleyne’s piece.  Ã‚  

The Hawaiian Monk Seal: An Endangered Species

The Hawaiian Monk Seal: An Endangered Species The Hawaiian monk seal (Neomonachus Schauinslandi) is an endemic species located on the Hawaiian Islands. It has the following taxonomy: Kingdom: Animalia, Phylum: Chordata, Class: Mammalia, Order: Carnivora, Family: Phocidae, Genus: Neomonachus, and Species: Schauinslandi (fisheries.noaa.gov). It is found predominately on the Northwest Hawaiian Islands, with a smaller population located on the main islands. The monk seal arrived at the Hawaiian Islands anywhere from 3.5 to 11.6 million years ago. They are believed to have entered from the east via a passage way in Central America (fpir.noaa.gov). The animals were hunted aggressively in the 19th century for their fur. Since then, there population has not been able to recover. The monk seals face a number of obstacles to survival. Its population is still declining, as there were an estimated 1,112 remaining in 2015. Historically, its geographic range has been within the U.S. waters near the Hawaiian Islands. They can be found on the isolated beaches of the northwestern islands. They spend much of their time at sea near coral reefs. The seals habitat also consist of submerged sea banks, atolls, and other areas offshore. The monk seal typically forages for food at a depth of 60-300ft. deep (fisheries.noaa.gov). During breeding season, the monk seals are located on the sandy beaches of Hawaii. They prefer remote and secure locations when nursing their pups, which lasts a month until they return to the sea. The life span of a Hawaiian monk seal is 25-30 years. They mature at the age of five, and can grow up to 7.5 feet and weigh 400lbs. An interesting feature of the seal is they are born black, but grow a silver coat later in life. The monk seal is considered a benthic forager which eat fish, eels, octopus, and crustaceans (fisheries.noaa.gov). There are several reasons for the Hawaiian monk seals population has declined at such a rapid rate over the past few decades. First of all, the human population on the islands has disturbed the animals natural habitat. The seals often die after getting caught in fishing nets, and there is a decrease in food available which might be attributed to overfishing in the area. The seals have faced difficulty in finding sufficient food due to competition from other predators as well. Also, the monk seal is a source of prey for sharks which adds to its loss in numbers. Genetic variability is low among the Hawaiian monk seals, which has added to the species difficulty in recovering from its endangered status. This is compounded by the fact that subpopulations fail to migrate or interact with populations of differing islands. This has caused inbreeding which carries with it a host of negative consequences. Genetic diversity helps a species to recover by promoting disease resistance and adaptability to a changing environment. On the other hand, a lack of diversity increases a chance for disease and reproductive failure (Kretzmann 482-483). Inbreeding occurs when the number of potential mates is low, and it carries with it a number of concerns. When a species is facing extinction, the absence of genetic diversity can compound its struggle for survival. DNA testing of the monk seal has shown that its genetic diversity is extremely low. Because of this, an outbreak of an infectious disease could possibly cause the Hawaiian monk seal to become extinct (Kretzmann 487). If the seals were to breed with populations from differing islands, it could hypothetically increase their chance for survival. Mobbing, or the aggressive behavior exhibited by male seals, often results in the death of a female or young seal. It occurs when a group of males attempt to mate with one female and end up attacking the female. The resulting injuries can lead to infection or death. This is causing slower development of the seals population. It is found that in groups of smaller populations with slower growth rates, instances of this behavior are higher. It is thought that mobbing is a learned behavior that may take time to be overcome. Intervention can be used to decrease mobbing behavior, such as removing a set number of males from an area where there is an unequal gender ratio (Starfield and Roth 166, 169). There is currently action being taken to help the species recover. The Hawaiian Monk Seal Captive Care Workshop was created to halt the population decline and help it to recover. The organization believes that an annual reduction in population of 3.9% is due to the poor survival rate of juvenile seals. By supporting captive seals through rehabilitation, nutrition, and relocation, the group hopes to increase survival. It also advocates for other methods of helping the species, such as disentangling seals caught in fishing nets and removing debris from its habitat (Baker and Littnan 11). Other methods include removing sharks from the seals habitat, or relocating pups to areas where there is a lower risk from predators. Captive care and release helps undernourished or ill pups that might otherwise die. Once they are healthy, the young seals are relocated to an area where they will have a better chance of survival (Baker and Littnan 11, 12). It has been found that a high rate of seal pups die shortly after being weaned from the mother. The mother will leave the pup after one month of nursing, and if the pup is unable to find sufficient food, it faces starvation and death. The importance of the conservation efforts by these captive care and release programs cannot be understated. Since the Hawaiian monk seals have low genetic variability, they are more susceptible to disease. It is thought that another species, the Caribbean monk seal (Neomonachus Tropicalis), had a susceptibility for disease which likely hastened its extinction. The morbillivirus is of particular concern for the Hawaiian monk seals. The morbillivirus is a string of viruses that include the measles, which can be spread quickly and easily. Once a seal has become infected with the virus, the lungs and brain are affected, which can lead to death in as little as 5 days. The disease has already killed thousands of Atlantic seals and dolphins. Since the seals have no immunity to these viruses, scientists have taken action to create and administer a vaccination (Rogers). Once scientists found a suitable vaccine, they began to administer it to the seals in 2015. The vaccination process begins with a single injection, followed up with a booster shot one month later. As of September 2016, 43 Hawaiian monk seals have received the vaccination. The group of scientists (HMSRP) administering the shots hope that this project will be successful and grow. The Hawaiian Monk Seal Research Program is also involved in other interventions such as removing seals from fishing nets and hooks, rehabilitating malnourished pups, and relocating seals to higher survival areas. Their efforts have slowed the populations decline by over half in the past 3 decades (Rogers). While the monk seal once had instrumental value, and were hunted for their furs, this led to the near extinction of the species in the early 1900s. Since the seal is no longer used for human purposes, it is now appreciated mainly for its intrinsic beauty. Intrinsic beauty is something that can be valued for its own sake. The monk seal is a rare animal that can be appreciated for its uniqueness, and has been an important aspect of the Hawaiian Islands for over 3 million years. The Hawaiian monk seal is also important to other species and the areas ecosystem. They are an apex predator and play an important role in keeping a number of prey from becoming overpopulated. Therefore, they create a balance needed for in maintaining a diverse and stable ecosystem (Muneoka). This is a significant reason for the conservation of the Hawaiian monk seals. The Hawaiian monk seal has faces so many obstacles over the past century, yet it has been able to survive in spite of these. The most alarming problem that the seals face is lack of food. The juvenile seals are facing a continuing threat of starvation, and they are in constant competition with fisheries and other predators. Protected areas for the seals have been used in the past, and expanding these will likely help. It will not only increase food supply for the seals, but will also prevent them from getting caught by fish hooks or nets. Until there is a greater supply of food for the monk seals, efforts in capturing and rehabilitating the young pups is important. Also, once they seals are at a healthier weight, they can be placed in an area where there is a higher source of food and increased chance of survival. Relocating seals is also helpful in increasing genetic diversity, which will help in the species ability to fight disease. Inoculation of the monk seal is also a good attempt at decreasing the seals vulnerability of disease. One other concern, mobbing, is a factor that is decreasing the chance of the seals survival. Interventions, such as removing males from areas where there is an imbalanced ratio of male to female, are helpful. With all of these efforts, and the noble concern of the people involved, the Hawaiian monk seal is beginning to see a brighter future. The population of monk seals has rising 3% annually over the past 3 years. As of January, 2017, there is an estimate of 1,400 Hawaiian monk seals. This is a great improvement, considering there were 1,112 seals in 2015. Interestingly, the state of Hawaii has dedicated 2017 as the Year of the Monk Seal. In conclusion, with the continuing hard work of the hard working people involved to save the Hawaiian monk seal, there is great hope for the species survival in the future. Works Cited Hawaiian Monk Seal (Neomonachus schauinslandi). http://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/pr/species/mammals/seals/hawaiian-monk-seal.html. Web. 16 Feb. 2017. Historical Timeline of the Hawaiian Monk Seal. http://www.fpir.noaa.gov/Library/PRD/Hawaiian%20monk%20seal/HMS_natural_history_timelineWEB.pdf. Web. 16 Feb. 2017. Schmelzer, Isabelle. Seals and Seascapes: Covariation in Hawaiian Monk Seal Subpopulations and the Oceanic Landscape of the Hawaiian Archipelago. Journal of Biogeography 27.4 (2000): 901-914. Academic Search Complete. Web. 16 Feb. 2017. Kretzmann, Maria B., et al. Low Genetic Variability in the Hawaiian Monk Seal. Conservation Biology, vol. 11, no. 2, 1997, pp. 482-490., www.jstor.org/stable/2387621. Web. 16 Feb. 2017. Starfield, Anthony M., et al. Mobbing in Hawaiian Monk Seals (Monachus Schauinslani): The Value of Simulation Modeling in the Absence of Apparently Crucial Data. Conservation Biology, vol. 9, no. 1, 1995, pp. 166-174., www.jstor.org/stable/2386398. Baker, Jason and Littnan, Charles. Report of the Hawaiian Monk Seal Captive Care Workshop, Honolulu, Hawaii, June 11-13, 2007. Pacific Islands Fish. Sci. Cent., Natl. Mar. Fish. Serv., (2008). Rogers, Kim. Why Rare Hawaiian Monk Seals Are Lining Up to Get Their Shots. Smithsonian (2016). http://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/researchers-are-vaccinating-wild-marine-species-first-time-180960479/. Web. 17 Feb. 2017. Muneoka, Lauren. Why Care About Monk Seals? Kahea (2011). http://kahea.org/blog/why-care-about-monk-seals. Web. 20 Feb. 2017.

Muhammed Ali Essay examples -- essays research papers

Muhammed Ali Muhammad Ali was one of the greatest heavy weight champions. His natural abilities were complemented by his flashy flamboyant personality. It was his ability that won him the heavy weight championship on three separate occasions, but only his â€Å"Float like a butter fly sting like a bee† antics won him the title of the â€Å"people’s champ† (â€Å"Ali† 2).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Born Cassius Clay Jr. on January 17, 1942 in Louisville Kentucky, he was far from over privileged. His father Cassius Clay Sr., worked to support the family as a sign and mural painter. His mother Odessa Clay, worked part time as a domestic. He attended school at Duvalle middle school with his brother Rudolph Clay. After this, he went on to high school at Central High in Louisville Kentucky. Though devoted fully to nearly every aspect of life, he was a rather poor student. He blames this mostly to his preoccupation with boxing. His studies in school reflected the fact that he started training to be a boxer at a young age.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When Ali was a mere twelve years old, his bicycle was stolen from his home in his criminally active neighbor hood in Louisville Kentucky. He reported the theft to a near by police department, which appointed Joe Martin to handle his case. Joe Elsby Martin supervised the training of young boxers, and invited Ali to join the gym. He arranged for Ali to train with Fred Stoner who taught Ali the basics of moving with speed and grace. He motivated Ali to be like a dancer in the ring. Even at his young age, he was able to develop the skills needed to become a powerful yet skilled boxer.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ali had a lot of success even in high school as an amateur. He claimed a victory in 100 out of 108 matches. The hardware he collected was unheard of for someone his age. He claimed six Kentucky and two National Golden Gloves championships. In addition, on his way to greatness, he won two Amateur Union championships. His accomplishments were numerous throughout his young career but the most impressive was probably the Gold Medal he won at the Olympic Games in 1960. He competed in the light heavy weight division, in which he would later admit, is where he mastered his renowned skills of ring chatter. He would use degrading remarks to distract and frustrate his opponents. This woul... ...e helped negotiate for the release of four kidnapped Americans, who were being held in Lebanon. He later met with the leaders of the Soviet Union and Africa and founded the World Organization for Right, Liberty, and Dignity (WORLD).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In 1996, he was given the esteemed honor of lighting the torch at the Olympic Games in Atlanta (â€Å"Ali† 1). Then in 1999 he became the first boxer to appear on cover of a Wheaties box. These awards came years after his boxing career. He now lives in Berrien Springs, Michigan, where he is married to his forth wife. Spread between these women are nine of his children. His oldest daughter Khaliah Ali is currently pursuing a career in boxing.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Muhammad led an illustrious career as a boxer. Through the ups and downs and all of the adversity, he managed to keep his optimistic outlook and his diligent work ethic. He overcame his legal matters, and survived through the persecution of his religion, he still managed to accomplish more than any boxer, and a majority of any athletes. Though it was just self-proclaimed confidence, he turned out to be just what he told the world, â€Å"The Greatest†

Gendered Behavior- Biologically Determined?

Men and Women are different- not necessary better or worse, but definitely different. They generally live different lifestyles, in different worlds, with different values and different rules. This is a fact that many are unwilling to admit. Unbelievable? – Just look at the evidence. Why do little girls generally play with dolls, while little boys with toy cars? Why is blue defined as a â€Å"masculine† color, while pink as a â€Å"feminine†? Where did all the gender-based stereotypes come from? Women are bad drivers, Men will never ask for directions. Women are too sensitive, Men are not sensitive enough. Women use toilets as social regions and â€Å"therapy† rooms, while men clearly only use the toilet for one purpose only. Think about it: Wouldn't people be instantly wary of the man who called out â€Å"Hey Jack, I'm going to the bathroom- you want to join me? † From the shallow questions- why are men and women generally different heights? -To the more innate queries- why until the 1960s did men and women play different roles -domination of males and suppression of women? , it inevitably traces down to one conclusion. Men and women are primarily diverse. The question is what is the reason for this? If one were to leave young girls and boys to develop on a deserted island with no organized society, no parents, would they still be as they are today? Thus poses the question: Is gendered behavior biologically determined? Extracts from pop-psychology books profess â€Å"The equality of men and women is a political or moral issue; the essential difference is a scientific one. † Those who disagree with the biological perspective of this issue claim equality between the sexes. However the matter is not whether they are equal, but whether they are identical, which may be what many are confused about. Even scientific studies have shown recently that that behavior between the genders is not only physically different, but also mentally different. The most basic and direct form of evidence available for this argument is that the brain structures differ between the two ‘species'. The three main areas of the brain (the Temporal lobe, the Corpus callosum, and the Anterior commissure) illustrate these dissimilarities. The Temporal lobe, which helps control hearing, memory and a person's sense of self and time, has proven men to have 10% fewer neurons in this area. The Corpus callosum, the main bridge between the left brain and the right which carries messages between the two, takes up less volume in a man's brain than in a women's, signifying that they may communicate less. Lastly, the Anterior commissure, which also plays a role in connecting the two brain hemisphere, is smaller in men's brains than in women's, even though men tend to have a bigger brain size. These facts alone should indicate that there are differences in men and women behavior. Brain scans, a fairly new technology has confirmed the differences in thinking between the two, and how they use their minds very differently when it comes to certain things. Scientist Sandra Whittleson verifies that for men, emotion is generally position to the right of the brain (meaning it can operate separately from other functions. Because of a man's smaller corpus callosum, emotion is less likely to operate concurrently with other functions. It is the opposite with women, as their emotion is spread widely along both hemispheres, showing that in their case, it can activate at the same time as other functions. Thus, a stereotype of the sensitivity conflict between the two sexes is proven. There are many other case studies from these scans which present a kernel of truth in other regular stereotypical beliefs. There is, of course, another â€Å"side to the story†. Society today, one many say, is very gender-based. These stereotypes may exist because people encourage them too. Wouldn't one agree that in today's world, there are certain things that are and are not considered appropriate? In order to be accepted, people must conform. There are certain norms for dressing, manner, interests and behavior for males and females. Even the stranger who proclaims â€Å"What a big, strong boy you are† or â€Å"What a pretty little girl you are† is subconsciously indicating to a small child ideally cherished behavior and characteristics. It is believed by some that social conditioning is likely to determine how one acts through development. Baby girls are dressed in pink and given Barbies to play with, while baby boys are given Action Men and Hot Wheels. Young girls are cuddled and touched, while young boys are patted on the back and told not to cry. In comparison to girls, boys are more encouraged to behave typically and strongly discouraged from engaging in cross-gendered behavior. Is this form of up-bring why men are being dubbed insensitive? Because they are too insecure to show their feminine side? Why is it that when someone is pregnant, the first question an outsider would pose is â€Å"Boy or Girl? How such a question has has become so automatic now, so spontaneous is to be wondered of. It is also true that many in our society find gender re-assignment difficult to accept- think about transsexuals. As much as it is tried; people find the concept of this hard to grasp. The truth is there are no two ways about it; Gendered behavior is not only biologically determined, but also environmentally determined. Faced with the nature/nurture argument once again, it is strongly believed that the two are inseparable, especially in this context. Although the more evidence found, the more people think that the difference is biological. However, no one can say it is purely so because no one knows for sure. Everything you do, every way you behave is determined by a mixture of the two. The reason may be biological, yet how much it is enhanced may be environmental, and vice versa. Understanding the identity of people can be complex, and as much as we want to, we will not be necessarily undergoing this breakthrough anytime soon.

Advantages And Disadvantages Of The Impacts Of Tourism Tourism Essay Essays

Advantages And Disadvantages Of The Impacts Of Tourism Tourism Essay Essays Advantages And Disadvantages Of The Impacts Of Tourism Tourism Essay Essay Advantages And Disadvantages Of The Impacts Of Tourism Tourism Essay Essay Harmonizing, Gawler ( 2001 ) believed that touristry is set uping to economic and lifestyle of people in each country of touristry. Tourism has frights that is expanded to touristry and related to severely respond or mass tourers. Anyway, touristry can be both positive and negative impacts on states. Furthermore, Mirbabayev and Shagazatova said that presents, touristry is the largest factor of economic. Tourism is germinating in economic activities. Assorted sectors of economic system have affected from turning development rates ; substructure development, foreign currency influxs, and new direction. They can be contributed to the societal and economic development in large portion of the state. Besides, Lehmann ( 2005 ) explained that there are three distinguishable parts: direct, indirect, and induced in the entire economic impact of travellers First, the direct impact is the value added of those sectors that interact straight with the visitant. Second, the indirect impact is the benefit to providers to those direct sectors. Third, the induced impact adds the impact of tourism-generated rewards as they are spent in economic system. In add-on, Rattanasuwongchai ( 1994 ) told that Tourism is the fastest turning industries and can bring forth national income in developing economic systems. Lapp as the other, Thailand has a touristry that is a major beginning of national income. Although touristry had some negative effects, it has covered all degree. Otherwise, Sugiyarto, Blake, and Sinclair ( 2002 ) defined that touristry took topographic point within a big context of the universe economic system. Besides, Sherpa ( 2006 ) said that touristry is a major economic activity supplying supports to hapless people. Furthermore, Bartsch ( 1998 ) said that Tourism conducted tourers sing the small town. They can acquire excess income and took advantage by offering adjustment to tourers. Likewise, Khadka ( 1996 ) explained that International touristry is a fast growth in economic factors. It increased in national income. Meanwhile, Albqami ( 1997 ) said that Tourism had received more attending in presents. Tourism stimulated to the economic growing. Similarly, Suntikul ( 2008 ) told that Tourism has a hard job. Tourism is accepting as the economic and social importance of touristry activity. However, touristry has ill managed within its economic system, societal, and environmental contexts. The significance of the impacts of touristry can non be decently assessed. Advantage of touristry impact Harmonizing, Gawler ( 2001 ) believed that the advantages of touristry are economic development. Tourism is assisting to back up communities, peculiarly in rural countries. There are small dependances on urban Centres and imports to prolong touristry activity as we called decentralised . Tourism development frequently brings a scope of benefits to host communities. Improved substructure power, H2O, and telecommunications, services ( Bankss, conveyance ) and new investings, all serve to heighten the life styles of communities. Tourism can do a sense of community pride in their location. Tourism can interchange for cultural between communities and visitants. Tourism creates regional individuality both nationally and internationally. Conservation country attempts and provides effectual direction of important countries can acquire the fund for conservative and direction. Tourism can advance the saving. Otherwise, Mirbabayev and Shagazatova supported that Tourism can be both a beginning of international peace and apprehension. Here are possible positive effects of touristry: Tourism is developing positive attitudes towards each other civilization and larning about each other s civilization and imposts. Besides, Tourism is cut downing negative perceptual experiences and stereotypes. Tourism is developing friendly relationships and developing pride, grasp, apprehension, regard, and tolerance for each other s civilization. Finally, Tourism is increasing self-pride of hosts and tourers. Similarly, Lehmann ( 2005 ) said that touristry consists of portion of the retail, transit, eating house, housing, and amusement industries straight contribute to the travel sector. Tourism straight gave about $ 1.64 billion in Palm Beach County on 2004. Meanwhile, Sugiyarto, Blake, and Sinclair ( 2002 ) defined that the degrees of GDP and employment are increased by touristry growing. Trade, revenue enhancement and balance of payment can increase by touristry activity. Additional, Albqami ( 1997 ) said that touristry industry is increased ; the industry will necessitate to buy more input in the economic system to bring forth the extra end product. These purchases will excite extra end product. Disadvantage of touristry impact Harmonizing to, Rattanasuwongchai ( 1994 ) told that a immense figure of tourers exploit natural resources. Tourism has a heavy impact on the environment. In add-on, touristry demands more substructures, transit and other installations which can do environmental agony. Tourism caused environmental pollution from human waste, sewage into H2O beginnings, and rubbish. Without rigorous ordinances in land utilizing, most hotel may occupy the preservative countries. It can be cause of worsening in engagement in rural traditional. Similarly, Bartsch ( 1998 ) explained that Tourism in Ban Chaidee is does non replace any other activity, and agribusiness which is still regarded by people as most of import economic activity. Environmental harm and authorities policies have decreased the traditional resources of the villagers. The pollution caused by tourers, noise pollution tardily at dark. Furthermore, Khadka ( 1996 ) explained that Environmental and socio-cultural depletes may do touristry unsustainable. These factors can besides be regional in their nature or impact. Otherwise, Sherpa ( 2006 ) said that tourers had a negative consequence to loss of rural civilization. In extra, Suntikul ( 2008 ) told that tourers took a critical the cultural in touristry pattern, and the host civilization. Tourism is presenting negative impacts to Luang Prabang.

Free Essays on On Descartes Ontological Argument And How It Doesnt Work

In Descartes fifth meditation he tried to use a proof of God’s existence that is known as the ontological argument. I will attempt in this paper to refute the argument. I will be using some citations from Kant’s Critique of Pure Reason, and will also be using some of my own thoughts and thoughts that are derived from class discussion. I think that it is important to first try to arrange Descartes’ argument into point form, so as to better be able to analyze it. I have translated Descartes argument like this: 1. If I clearly and distinctly perceive some property as belonging to the idea of some thing, then that property really does belong to that thing. 2. The idea of God is of a perfect being. 3. Not existing would be an imperfection. 4. Since the idea of God is of a perfect being, it must be true of the idea that it has the property of always existing, and I clearly and distinctly perceive this. 5. Thus it follows from premises 1 and 4 that God must exist. Now that we have the argument in point form, let us move on and see where it is weak to criticism. Let us begin with the first premise. We can argue that this very first premise already assumes the existence of God. For what Descartes is saying is, let us suppose a thing, simply as an idea. If this idea has this property, and I clearly and distinctly perceive it as having that property, then the object that corresponds to the idea must have that property. How did we get from the idea of the thing to there really being a thing that has all the properties that the idea has. Another objection can be raised by examining the example of a mountain and a valley, the same example that Descartes uses . He says that it is impossible for us to separate the idea of a mountain from a valley, but it surely does not follow that a mountain and a valley exist in the world, only that were there to be one, there would be the other. This however is not the same way with God... Free Essays on On Descartes Ontological Argument And How It Doesn't Work Free Essays on On Descartes Ontological Argument And How It Doesn't Work In Descartes fifth meditation he tried to use a proof of God’s existence that is known as the ontological argument. I will attempt in this paper to refute the argument. I will be using some citations from Kant’s Critique of Pure Reason, and will also be using some of my own thoughts and thoughts that are derived from class discussion. I think that it is important to first try to arrange Descartes’ argument into point form, so as to better be able to analyze it. I have translated Descartes argument like this: 1. If I clearly and distinctly perceive some property as belonging to the idea of some thing, then that property really does belong to that thing. 2. The idea of God is of a perfect being. 3. Not existing would be an imperfection. 4. Since the idea of God is of a perfect being, it must be true of the idea that it has the property of always existing, and I clearly and distinctly perceive this. 5. Thus it follows from premises 1 and 4 that God must exist. Now that we have the argument in point form, let us move on and see where it is weak to criticism. Let us begin with the first premise. We can argue that this very first premise already assumes the existence of God. For what Descartes is saying is, let us suppose a thing, simply as an idea. If this idea has this property, and I clearly and distinctly perceive it as having that property, then the object that corresponds to the idea must have that property. How did we get from the idea of the thing to there really being a thing that has all the properties that the idea has. Another objection can be raised by examining the example of a mountain and a valley, the same example that Descartes uses . He says that it is impossible for us to separate the idea of a mountain from a valley, but it surely does not follow that a mountain and a valley exist in the world, only that were there to be one, there would be the other. This however is not the same way with God...

Analysis of Implementation of the Doctorate in Nursing Practice Degree Research Paper

Analysis of Implementation of the Doctorate in Nursing Practice Degree - Research Paper Example Doctorate level practice is one of the highest levels of nursing practice, and it involves top-notch training based on nursing science. The two categories of doctorates may coexist inside the same nursing education division. The predominant research-oriented doctorate program in nursing Ph.D., whereas the practice-focused discipline is Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) though recently introduced. The latter is seen as a counter-PhD because the proponents feel that former doesn’t have a practical aspect. It is for this reason that much contrary views have arisen. The inception of the Doctorate in nursing practice by the American Association of Colleges of Nursing has got some mixed reception within the nursing profession. The proponents have grounded on the fact that unlike tradition doctoral programs, the DNP program will emphasize practice-oriented direction and offer an alternative to research-oriented doctoral programs. The first reason to move to this program is due to the shifting of the nation’s intricate health-care environment. It requires high level of scientific skills and practices proficiency to provide quality treatment outcomes (Aacn.nche.edu, 2014). Various institutions such as joint commission and foundations and the institute of medicine have supported this program and called for a re-look on the nursing profession that prepares practical aspect of nursing. Another major factor that builds impetus for change of the nursing culture at doctorate level include: the speedy expansion of comprehension underlying practice; inclined health care complexities; widespread concern over patient safety and quality of health and scarcity of nursing workforce. This demands a high standard of preparation of nursing practitioner who can be able to design, assess, and evaluate patient care. The shortage of practice-focused nursing faculty has made the DNP attract increased learning expectation of nursing community to fit the existing gap.

NATIONAL REPUBLICAN-WHIG INTELLIGENCER(ANDREW JACKSON) Essay

NATIONAL REPUBLICAN-WHIG INTELLIGENCER(ANDREW JACKSON) - Essay Example Hailed as a manipulative politician, in his eight years as President of USA he achieved the impossible, not always turned out to be good for a section of the people. He made the best use of the ‘divide and rule policy’ so secure his power and chair. From an ordinary soldier to reach the office of the President was a big leap and hold on to it for two terms was a bigger achievement. For a practicing politician, the powerful chair is more important than the welfare of the ‘chair-less powers’ (people) The important tool with the people to check the political ascendancy of a person or a party, is the need to know how to apply brakes. This can be done by not electing the party in power for the second term. Andrew Jackson successfully met the challenges posed by his rival politicians. Nevertheless, he was the protector of popular democracy and individual liberty. This tough President deserved the nickname â€Å"Old Hickory.† His portrait on the United States twenty-dollar bill is the constant reminder to his popularity. Populism, once in a while, is understandable for a political figure, but the repeated populist measures will not be for the good of the Nation. In the first flush of enthusiasm Jackson invited the poor people on the occasion of the inaugural ball during the 1829 presidential inauguration, in their homemade clothes. This was a magnanimous gesture that nearly went beyond the controlling capacity of the security guards at the White House. He converted political problems into opportunities. When the scandal related to Senator John Eaton, his trusted friend, blew out of proportion and the Cabinet Ministers resigned, it was a God-sent opportunity for him to reshuffle the Cabinet and appoint Officers who were loyal to him. Some of his attempted socio-political reforms crossed the borders of fantasy. The designs of destiny worked in his favor and in 1830 the Indian Removal Act was passed by his administration by a singe vote. That decided the fate of