The Hawaiian Monk Seal: An Endangered Species

The Hawaiian Monk Seal: An Endangered Species The Hawaiian monk seal (Neomonachus Schauinslandi) is an endemic species located on the Hawaiian Islands. It has the following taxonomy: Kingdom: Animalia, Phylum: Chordata, Class: Mammalia, Order: Carnivora, Family: Phocidae, Genus: Neomonachus, and Species: Schauinslandi (fisheries.noaa.gov). It is found predominately on the Northwest Hawaiian Islands, with a smaller population located on the main islands. The monk seal arrived at the Hawaiian Islands anywhere from 3.5 to 11.6 million years ago. They are believed to have entered from the east via a passage way in Central America (fpir.noaa.gov). The animals were hunted aggressively in the 19th century for their fur. Since then, there population has not been able to recover. The monk seals face a number of obstacles to survival. Its population is still declining, as there were an estimated 1,112 remaining in 2015. Historically, its geographic range has been within the U.S. waters near the Hawaiian Islands. They can be found on the isolated beaches of the northwestern islands. They spend much of their time at sea near coral reefs. The seals habitat also consist of submerged sea banks, atolls, and other areas offshore. The monk seal typically forages for food at a depth of 60-300ft. deep (fisheries.noaa.gov). During breeding season, the monk seals are located on the sandy beaches of Hawaii. They prefer remote and secure locations when nursing their pups, which lasts a month until they return to the sea. The life span of a Hawaiian monk seal is 25-30 years. They mature at the age of five, and can grow up to 7.5 feet and weigh 400lbs. An interesting feature of the seal is they are born black, but grow a silver coat later in life. The monk seal is considered a benthic forager which eat fish, eels, octopus, and crustaceans (fisheries.noaa.gov). There are several reasons for the Hawaiian monk seals population has declined at such a rapid rate over the past few decades. First of all, the human population on the islands has disturbed the animals natural habitat. The seals often die after getting caught in fishing nets, and there is a decrease in food available which might be attributed to overfishing in the area. The seals have faced difficulty in finding sufficient food due to competition from other predators as well. Also, the monk seal is a source of prey for sharks which adds to its loss in numbers. Genetic variability is low among the Hawaiian monk seals, which has added to the species difficulty in recovering from its endangered status. This is compounded by the fact that subpopulations fail to migrate or interact with populations of differing islands. This has caused inbreeding which carries with it a host of negative consequences. Genetic diversity helps a species to recover by promoting disease resistance and adaptability to a changing environment. On the other hand, a lack of diversity increases a chance for disease and reproductive failure (Kretzmann 482-483). Inbreeding occurs when the number of potential mates is low, and it carries with it a number of concerns. When a species is facing extinction, the absence of genetic diversity can compound its struggle for survival. DNA testing of the monk seal has shown that its genetic diversity is extremely low. Because of this, an outbreak of an infectious disease could possibly cause the Hawaiian monk seal to become extinct (Kretzmann 487). If the seals were to breed with populations from differing islands, it could hypothetically increase their chance for survival. Mobbing, or the aggressive behavior exhibited by male seals, often results in the death of a female or young seal. It occurs when a group of males attempt to mate with one female and end up attacking the female. The resulting injuries can lead to infection or death. This is causing slower development of the seals population. It is found that in groups of smaller populations with slower growth rates, instances of this behavior are higher. It is thought that mobbing is a learned behavior that may take time to be overcome. Intervention can be used to decrease mobbing behavior, such as removing a set number of males from an area where there is an unequal gender ratio (Starfield and Roth 166, 169). There is currently action being taken to help the species recover. The Hawaiian Monk Seal Captive Care Workshop was created to halt the population decline and help it to recover. The organization believes that an annual reduction in population of 3.9% is due to the poor survival rate of juvenile seals. By supporting captive seals through rehabilitation, nutrition, and relocation, the group hopes to increase survival. It also advocates for other methods of helping the species, such as disentangling seals caught in fishing nets and removing debris from its habitat (Baker and Littnan 11). Other methods include removing sharks from the seals habitat, or relocating pups to areas where there is a lower risk from predators. Captive care and release helps undernourished or ill pups that might otherwise die. Once they are healthy, the young seals are relocated to an area where they will have a better chance of survival (Baker and Littnan 11, 12). It has been found that a high rate of seal pups die shortly after being weaned from the mother. The mother will leave the pup after one month of nursing, and if the pup is unable to find sufficient food, it faces starvation and death. The importance of the conservation efforts by these captive care and release programs cannot be understated. Since the Hawaiian monk seals have low genetic variability, they are more susceptible to disease. It is thought that another species, the Caribbean monk seal (Neomonachus Tropicalis), had a susceptibility for disease which likely hastened its extinction. The morbillivirus is of particular concern for the Hawaiian monk seals. The morbillivirus is a string of viruses that include the measles, which can be spread quickly and easily. Once a seal has become infected with the virus, the lungs and brain are affected, which can lead to death in as little as 5 days. The disease has already killed thousands of Atlantic seals and dolphins. Since the seals have no immunity to these viruses, scientists have taken action to create and administer a vaccination (Rogers). Once scientists found a suitable vaccine, they began to administer it to the seals in 2015. The vaccination process begins with a single injection, followed up with a booster shot one month later. As of September 2016, 43 Hawaiian monk seals have received the vaccination. The group of scientists (HMSRP) administering the shots hope that this project will be successful and grow. The Hawaiian Monk Seal Research Program is also involved in other interventions such as removing seals from fishing nets and hooks, rehabilitating malnourished pups, and relocating seals to higher survival areas. Their efforts have slowed the populations decline by over half in the past 3 decades (Rogers). While the monk seal once had instrumental value, and were hunted for their furs, this led to the near extinction of the species in the early 1900s. Since the seal is no longer used for human purposes, it is now appreciated mainly for its intrinsic beauty. Intrinsic beauty is something that can be valued for its own sake. The monk seal is a rare animal that can be appreciated for its uniqueness, and has been an important aspect of the Hawaiian Islands for over 3 million years. The Hawaiian monk seal is also important to other species and the areas ecosystem. They are an apex predator and play an important role in keeping a number of prey from becoming overpopulated. Therefore, they create a balance needed for in maintaining a diverse and stable ecosystem (Muneoka). This is a significant reason for the conservation of the Hawaiian monk seals. The Hawaiian monk seal has faces so many obstacles over the past century, yet it has been able to survive in spite of these. The most alarming problem that the seals face is lack of food. The juvenile seals are facing a continuing threat of starvation, and they are in constant competition with fisheries and other predators. Protected areas for the seals have been used in the past, and expanding these will likely help. It will not only increase food supply for the seals, but will also prevent them from getting caught by fish hooks or nets. Until there is a greater supply of food for the monk seals, efforts in capturing and rehabilitating the young pups is important. Also, once they seals are at a healthier weight, they can be placed in an area where there is a higher source of food and increased chance of survival. Relocating seals is also helpful in increasing genetic diversity, which will help in the species ability to fight disease. Inoculation of the monk seal is also a good attempt at decreasing the seals vulnerability of disease. One other concern, mobbing, is a factor that is decreasing the chance of the seals survival. Interventions, such as removing males from areas where there is an imbalanced ratio of male to female, are helpful. With all of these efforts, and the noble concern of the people involved, the Hawaiian monk seal is beginning to see a brighter future. The population of monk seals has rising 3% annually over the past 3 years. As of January, 2017, there is an estimate of 1,400 Hawaiian monk seals. This is a great improvement, considering there were 1,112 seals in 2015. Interestingly, the state of Hawaii has dedicated 2017 as the Year of the Monk Seal. In conclusion, with the continuing hard work of the hard working people involved to save the Hawaiian monk seal, there is great hope for the species survival in the future. Works Cited Hawaiian Monk Seal (Neomonachus schauinslandi). http://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/pr/species/mammals/seals/hawaiian-monk-seal.html. Web. 16 Feb. 2017. Historical Timeline of the Hawaiian Monk Seal. http://www.fpir.noaa.gov/Library/PRD/Hawaiian%20monk%20seal/HMS_natural_history_timelineWEB.pdf. Web. 16 Feb. 2017. Schmelzer, Isabelle. Seals and Seascapes: Covariation in Hawaiian Monk Seal Subpopulations and the Oceanic Landscape of the Hawaiian Archipelago. Journal of Biogeography 27.4 (2000): 901-914. Academic Search Complete. Web. 16 Feb. 2017. Kretzmann, Maria B., et al. Low Genetic Variability in the Hawaiian Monk Seal. Conservation Biology, vol. 11, no. 2, 1997, pp. 482-490., www.jstor.org/stable/2387621. Web. 16 Feb. 2017. Starfield, Anthony M., et al. Mobbing in Hawaiian Monk Seals (Monachus Schauinslani): The Value of Simulation Modeling in the Absence of Apparently Crucial Data. Conservation Biology, vol. 9, no. 1, 1995, pp. 166-174., www.jstor.org/stable/2386398. Baker, Jason and Littnan, Charles. Report of the Hawaiian Monk Seal Captive Care Workshop, Honolulu, Hawaii, June 11-13, 2007. Pacific Islands Fish. Sci. Cent., Natl. Mar. Fish. Serv., (2008). Rogers, Kim. Why Rare Hawaiian Monk Seals Are Lining Up to Get Their Shots. Smithsonian (2016). http://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/researchers-are-vaccinating-wild-marine-species-first-time-180960479/. Web. 17 Feb. 2017. Muneoka, Lauren. Why Care About Monk Seals? Kahea (2011). http://kahea.org/blog/why-care-about-monk-seals. Web. 20 Feb. 2017.

Muhammed Ali Essay examples -- essays research papers

Muhammed Ali Muhammad Ali was one of the greatest heavy weight champions. His natural abilities were complemented by his flashy flamboyant personality. It was his ability that won him the heavy weight championship on three separate occasions, but only his â€Å"Float like a butter fly sting like a bee† antics won him the title of the â€Å"people’s champ† (â€Å"Ali† 2).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Born Cassius Clay Jr. on January 17, 1942 in Louisville Kentucky, he was far from over privileged. His father Cassius Clay Sr., worked to support the family as a sign and mural painter. His mother Odessa Clay, worked part time as a domestic. He attended school at Duvalle middle school with his brother Rudolph Clay. After this, he went on to high school at Central High in Louisville Kentucky. Though devoted fully to nearly every aspect of life, he was a rather poor student. He blames this mostly to his preoccupation with boxing. His studies in school reflected the fact that he started training to be a boxer at a young age.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When Ali was a mere twelve years old, his bicycle was stolen from his home in his criminally active neighbor hood in Louisville Kentucky. He reported the theft to a near by police department, which appointed Joe Martin to handle his case. Joe Elsby Martin supervised the training of young boxers, and invited Ali to join the gym. He arranged for Ali to train with Fred Stoner who taught Ali the basics of moving with speed and grace. He motivated Ali to be like a dancer in the ring. Even at his young age, he was able to develop the skills needed to become a powerful yet skilled boxer.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ali had a lot of success even in high school as an amateur. He claimed a victory in 100 out of 108 matches. The hardware he collected was unheard of for someone his age. He claimed six Kentucky and two National Golden Gloves championships. In addition, on his way to greatness, he won two Amateur Union championships. His accomplishments were numerous throughout his young career but the most impressive was probably the Gold Medal he won at the Olympic Games in 1960. He competed in the light heavy weight division, in which he would later admit, is where he mastered his renowned skills of ring chatter. He would use degrading remarks to distract and frustrate his opponents. This woul... ...e helped negotiate for the release of four kidnapped Americans, who were being held in Lebanon. He later met with the leaders of the Soviet Union and Africa and founded the World Organization for Right, Liberty, and Dignity (WORLD).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In 1996, he was given the esteemed honor of lighting the torch at the Olympic Games in Atlanta (â€Å"Ali† 1). Then in 1999 he became the first boxer to appear on cover of a Wheaties box. These awards came years after his boxing career. He now lives in Berrien Springs, Michigan, where he is married to his forth wife. Spread between these women are nine of his children. His oldest daughter Khaliah Ali is currently pursuing a career in boxing.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Muhammad led an illustrious career as a boxer. Through the ups and downs and all of the adversity, he managed to keep his optimistic outlook and his diligent work ethic. He overcame his legal matters, and survived through the persecution of his religion, he still managed to accomplish more than any boxer, and a majority of any athletes. Though it was just self-proclaimed confidence, he turned out to be just what he told the world, â€Å"The Greatest†

Gendered Behavior- Biologically Determined?

Men and Women are different- not necessary better or worse, but definitely different. They generally live different lifestyles, in different worlds, with different values and different rules. This is a fact that many are unwilling to admit. Unbelievable? – Just look at the evidence. Why do little girls generally play with dolls, while little boys with toy cars? Why is blue defined as a â€Å"masculine† color, while pink as a â€Å"feminine†? Where did all the gender-based stereotypes come from? Women are bad drivers, Men will never ask for directions. Women are too sensitive, Men are not sensitive enough. Women use toilets as social regions and â€Å"therapy† rooms, while men clearly only use the toilet for one purpose only. Think about it: Wouldn't people be instantly wary of the man who called out â€Å"Hey Jack, I'm going to the bathroom- you want to join me? † From the shallow questions- why are men and women generally different heights? -To the more innate queries- why until the 1960s did men and women play different roles -domination of males and suppression of women? , it inevitably traces down to one conclusion. Men and women are primarily diverse. The question is what is the reason for this? If one were to leave young girls and boys to develop on a deserted island with no organized society, no parents, would they still be as they are today? Thus poses the question: Is gendered behavior biologically determined? Extracts from pop-psychology books profess â€Å"The equality of men and women is a political or moral issue; the essential difference is a scientific one. † Those who disagree with the biological perspective of this issue claim equality between the sexes. However the matter is not whether they are equal, but whether they are identical, which may be what many are confused about. Even scientific studies have shown recently that that behavior between the genders is not only physically different, but also mentally different. The most basic and direct form of evidence available for this argument is that the brain structures differ between the two ‘species'. The three main areas of the brain (the Temporal lobe, the Corpus callosum, and the Anterior commissure) illustrate these dissimilarities. The Temporal lobe, which helps control hearing, memory and a person's sense of self and time, has proven men to have 10% fewer neurons in this area. The Corpus callosum, the main bridge between the left brain and the right which carries messages between the two, takes up less volume in a man's brain than in a women's, signifying that they may communicate less. Lastly, the Anterior commissure, which also plays a role in connecting the two brain hemisphere, is smaller in men's brains than in women's, even though men tend to have a bigger brain size. These facts alone should indicate that there are differences in men and women behavior. Brain scans, a fairly new technology has confirmed the differences in thinking between the two, and how they use their minds very differently when it comes to certain things. Scientist Sandra Whittleson verifies that for men, emotion is generally position to the right of the brain (meaning it can operate separately from other functions. Because of a man's smaller corpus callosum, emotion is less likely to operate concurrently with other functions. It is the opposite with women, as their emotion is spread widely along both hemispheres, showing that in their case, it can activate at the same time as other functions. Thus, a stereotype of the sensitivity conflict between the two sexes is proven. There are many other case studies from these scans which present a kernel of truth in other regular stereotypical beliefs. There is, of course, another â€Å"side to the story†. Society today, one many say, is very gender-based. These stereotypes may exist because people encourage them too. Wouldn't one agree that in today's world, there are certain things that are and are not considered appropriate? In order to be accepted, people must conform. There are certain norms for dressing, manner, interests and behavior for males and females. Even the stranger who proclaims â€Å"What a big, strong boy you are† or â€Å"What a pretty little girl you are† is subconsciously indicating to a small child ideally cherished behavior and characteristics. It is believed by some that social conditioning is likely to determine how one acts through development. Baby girls are dressed in pink and given Barbies to play with, while baby boys are given Action Men and Hot Wheels. Young girls are cuddled and touched, while young boys are patted on the back and told not to cry. In comparison to girls, boys are more encouraged to behave typically and strongly discouraged from engaging in cross-gendered behavior. Is this form of up-bring why men are being dubbed insensitive? Because they are too insecure to show their feminine side? Why is it that when someone is pregnant, the first question an outsider would pose is â€Å"Boy or Girl? How such a question has has become so automatic now, so spontaneous is to be wondered of. It is also true that many in our society find gender re-assignment difficult to accept- think about transsexuals. As much as it is tried; people find the concept of this hard to grasp. The truth is there are no two ways about it; Gendered behavior is not only biologically determined, but also environmentally determined. Faced with the nature/nurture argument once again, it is strongly believed that the two are inseparable, especially in this context. Although the more evidence found, the more people think that the difference is biological. However, no one can say it is purely so because no one knows for sure. Everything you do, every way you behave is determined by a mixture of the two. The reason may be biological, yet how much it is enhanced may be environmental, and vice versa. Understanding the identity of people can be complex, and as much as we want to, we will not be necessarily undergoing this breakthrough anytime soon.

Advantages And Disadvantages Of The Impacts Of Tourism Tourism Essay Essays

Advantages And Disadvantages Of The Impacts Of Tourism Tourism Essay Essays Advantages And Disadvantages Of The Impacts Of Tourism Tourism Essay Essay Advantages And Disadvantages Of The Impacts Of Tourism Tourism Essay Essay Harmonizing, Gawler ( 2001 ) believed that touristry is set uping to economic and lifestyle of people in each country of touristry. Tourism has frights that is expanded to touristry and related to severely respond or mass tourers. Anyway, touristry can be both positive and negative impacts on states. Furthermore, Mirbabayev and Shagazatova said that presents, touristry is the largest factor of economic. Tourism is germinating in economic activities. Assorted sectors of economic system have affected from turning development rates ; substructure development, foreign currency influxs, and new direction. They can be contributed to the societal and economic development in large portion of the state. Besides, Lehmann ( 2005 ) explained that there are three distinguishable parts: direct, indirect, and induced in the entire economic impact of travellers First, the direct impact is the value added of those sectors that interact straight with the visitant. Second, the indirect impact is the benefit to providers to those direct sectors. Third, the induced impact adds the impact of tourism-generated rewards as they are spent in economic system. In add-on, Rattanasuwongchai ( 1994 ) told that Tourism is the fastest turning industries and can bring forth national income in developing economic systems. Lapp as the other, Thailand has a touristry that is a major beginning of national income. Although touristry had some negative effects, it has covered all degree. Otherwise, Sugiyarto, Blake, and Sinclair ( 2002 ) defined that touristry took topographic point within a big context of the universe economic system. Besides, Sherpa ( 2006 ) said that touristry is a major economic activity supplying supports to hapless people. Furthermore, Bartsch ( 1998 ) said that Tourism conducted tourers sing the small town. They can acquire excess income and took advantage by offering adjustment to tourers. Likewise, Khadka ( 1996 ) explained that International touristry is a fast growth in economic factors. It increased in national income. Meanwhile, Albqami ( 1997 ) said that Tourism had received more attending in presents. Tourism stimulated to the economic growing. Similarly, Suntikul ( 2008 ) told that Tourism has a hard job. Tourism is accepting as the economic and social importance of touristry activity. However, touristry has ill managed within its economic system, societal, and environmental contexts. The significance of the impacts of touristry can non be decently assessed. Advantage of touristry impact Harmonizing, Gawler ( 2001 ) believed that the advantages of touristry are economic development. Tourism is assisting to back up communities, peculiarly in rural countries. There are small dependances on urban Centres and imports to prolong touristry activity as we called decentralised . Tourism development frequently brings a scope of benefits to host communities. Improved substructure power, H2O, and telecommunications, services ( Bankss, conveyance ) and new investings, all serve to heighten the life styles of communities. Tourism can do a sense of community pride in their location. Tourism can interchange for cultural between communities and visitants. Tourism creates regional individuality both nationally and internationally. Conservation country attempts and provides effectual direction of important countries can acquire the fund for conservative and direction. Tourism can advance the saving. Otherwise, Mirbabayev and Shagazatova supported that Tourism can be both a beginning of international peace and apprehension. Here are possible positive effects of touristry: Tourism is developing positive attitudes towards each other civilization and larning about each other s civilization and imposts. Besides, Tourism is cut downing negative perceptual experiences and stereotypes. Tourism is developing friendly relationships and developing pride, grasp, apprehension, regard, and tolerance for each other s civilization. Finally, Tourism is increasing self-pride of hosts and tourers. Similarly, Lehmann ( 2005 ) said that touristry consists of portion of the retail, transit, eating house, housing, and amusement industries straight contribute to the travel sector. Tourism straight gave about $ 1.64 billion in Palm Beach County on 2004. Meanwhile, Sugiyarto, Blake, and Sinclair ( 2002 ) defined that the degrees of GDP and employment are increased by touristry growing. Trade, revenue enhancement and balance of payment can increase by touristry activity. Additional, Albqami ( 1997 ) said that touristry industry is increased ; the industry will necessitate to buy more input in the economic system to bring forth the extra end product. These purchases will excite extra end product. Disadvantage of touristry impact Harmonizing to, Rattanasuwongchai ( 1994 ) told that a immense figure of tourers exploit natural resources. Tourism has a heavy impact on the environment. In add-on, touristry demands more substructures, transit and other installations which can do environmental agony. Tourism caused environmental pollution from human waste, sewage into H2O beginnings, and rubbish. Without rigorous ordinances in land utilizing, most hotel may occupy the preservative countries. It can be cause of worsening in engagement in rural traditional. Similarly, Bartsch ( 1998 ) explained that Tourism in Ban Chaidee is does non replace any other activity, and agribusiness which is still regarded by people as most of import economic activity. Environmental harm and authorities policies have decreased the traditional resources of the villagers. The pollution caused by tourers, noise pollution tardily at dark. Furthermore, Khadka ( 1996 ) explained that Environmental and socio-cultural depletes may do touristry unsustainable. These factors can besides be regional in their nature or impact. Otherwise, Sherpa ( 2006 ) said that tourers had a negative consequence to loss of rural civilization. In extra, Suntikul ( 2008 ) told that tourers took a critical the cultural in touristry pattern, and the host civilization. Tourism is presenting negative impacts to Luang Prabang.

Free Essays on On Descartes Ontological Argument And How It Doesnt Work

In Descartes fifth meditation he tried to use a proof of God’s existence that is known as the ontological argument. I will attempt in this paper to refute the argument. I will be using some citations from Kant’s Critique of Pure Reason, and will also be using some of my own thoughts and thoughts that are derived from class discussion. I think that it is important to first try to arrange Descartes’ argument into point form, so as to better be able to analyze it. I have translated Descartes argument like this: 1. If I clearly and distinctly perceive some property as belonging to the idea of some thing, then that property really does belong to that thing. 2. The idea of God is of a perfect being. 3. Not existing would be an imperfection. 4. Since the idea of God is of a perfect being, it must be true of the idea that it has the property of always existing, and I clearly and distinctly perceive this. 5. Thus it follows from premises 1 and 4 that God must exist. Now that we have the argument in point form, let us move on and see where it is weak to criticism. Let us begin with the first premise. We can argue that this very first premise already assumes the existence of God. For what Descartes is saying is, let us suppose a thing, simply as an idea. If this idea has this property, and I clearly and distinctly perceive it as having that property, then the object that corresponds to the idea must have that property. How did we get from the idea of the thing to there really being a thing that has all the properties that the idea has. Another objection can be raised by examining the example of a mountain and a valley, the same example that Descartes uses . He says that it is impossible for us to separate the idea of a mountain from a valley, but it surely does not follow that a mountain and a valley exist in the world, only that were there to be one, there would be the other. This however is not the same way with God... Free Essays on On Descartes Ontological Argument And How It Doesn't Work Free Essays on On Descartes Ontological Argument And How It Doesn't Work In Descartes fifth meditation he tried to use a proof of God’s existence that is known as the ontological argument. I will attempt in this paper to refute the argument. I will be using some citations from Kant’s Critique of Pure Reason, and will also be using some of my own thoughts and thoughts that are derived from class discussion. I think that it is important to first try to arrange Descartes’ argument into point form, so as to better be able to analyze it. I have translated Descartes argument like this: 1. If I clearly and distinctly perceive some property as belonging to the idea of some thing, then that property really does belong to that thing. 2. The idea of God is of a perfect being. 3. Not existing would be an imperfection. 4. Since the idea of God is of a perfect being, it must be true of the idea that it has the property of always existing, and I clearly and distinctly perceive this. 5. Thus it follows from premises 1 and 4 that God must exist. Now that we have the argument in point form, let us move on and see where it is weak to criticism. Let us begin with the first premise. We can argue that this very first premise already assumes the existence of God. For what Descartes is saying is, let us suppose a thing, simply as an idea. If this idea has this property, and I clearly and distinctly perceive it as having that property, then the object that corresponds to the idea must have that property. How did we get from the idea of the thing to there really being a thing that has all the properties that the idea has. Another objection can be raised by examining the example of a mountain and a valley, the same example that Descartes uses . He says that it is impossible for us to separate the idea of a mountain from a valley, but it surely does not follow that a mountain and a valley exist in the world, only that were there to be one, there would be the other. This however is not the same way with God...

Analysis of Implementation of the Doctorate in Nursing Practice Degree Research Paper

Analysis of Implementation of the Doctorate in Nursing Practice Degree - Research Paper Example Doctorate level practice is one of the highest levels of nursing practice, and it involves top-notch training based on nursing science. The two categories of doctorates may coexist inside the same nursing education division. The predominant research-oriented doctorate program in nursing Ph.D., whereas the practice-focused discipline is Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) though recently introduced. The latter is seen as a counter-PhD because the proponents feel that former doesn’t have a practical aspect. It is for this reason that much contrary views have arisen. The inception of the Doctorate in nursing practice by the American Association of Colleges of Nursing has got some mixed reception within the nursing profession. The proponents have grounded on the fact that unlike tradition doctoral programs, the DNP program will emphasize practice-oriented direction and offer an alternative to research-oriented doctoral programs. The first reason to move to this program is due to the shifting of the nation’s intricate health-care environment. It requires high level of scientific skills and practices proficiency to provide quality treatment outcomes (Aacn.nche.edu, 2014). Various institutions such as joint commission and foundations and the institute of medicine have supported this program and called for a re-look on the nursing profession that prepares practical aspect of nursing. Another major factor that builds impetus for change of the nursing culture at doctorate level include: the speedy expansion of comprehension underlying practice; inclined health care complexities; widespread concern over patient safety and quality of health and scarcity of nursing workforce. This demands a high standard of preparation of nursing practitioner who can be able to design, assess, and evaluate patient care. The shortage of practice-focused nursing faculty has made the DNP attract increased learning expectation of nursing community to fit the existing gap.

NATIONAL REPUBLICAN-WHIG INTELLIGENCER(ANDREW JACKSON) Essay

NATIONAL REPUBLICAN-WHIG INTELLIGENCER(ANDREW JACKSON) - Essay Example Hailed as a manipulative politician, in his eight years as President of USA he achieved the impossible, not always turned out to be good for a section of the people. He made the best use of the ‘divide and rule policy’ so secure his power and chair. From an ordinary soldier to reach the office of the President was a big leap and hold on to it for two terms was a bigger achievement. For a practicing politician, the powerful chair is more important than the welfare of the ‘chair-less powers’ (people) The important tool with the people to check the political ascendancy of a person or a party, is the need to know how to apply brakes. This can be done by not electing the party in power for the second term. Andrew Jackson successfully met the challenges posed by his rival politicians. Nevertheless, he was the protector of popular democracy and individual liberty. This tough President deserved the nickname â€Å"Old Hickory.† His portrait on the United States twenty-dollar bill is the constant reminder to his popularity. Populism, once in a while, is understandable for a political figure, but the repeated populist measures will not be for the good of the Nation. In the first flush of enthusiasm Jackson invited the poor people on the occasion of the inaugural ball during the 1829 presidential inauguration, in their homemade clothes. This was a magnanimous gesture that nearly went beyond the controlling capacity of the security guards at the White House. He converted political problems into opportunities. When the scandal related to Senator John Eaton, his trusted friend, blew out of proportion and the Cabinet Ministers resigned, it was a God-sent opportunity for him to reshuffle the Cabinet and appoint Officers who were loyal to him. Some of his attempted socio-political reforms crossed the borders of fantasy. The designs of destiny worked in his favor and in 1830 the Indian Removal Act was passed by his administration by a singe vote. That decided the fate of