Stephen Sondheim Biography

Table of Contents Introduction Early Life Career Honors and Awards Personal Life Conclusion Works Cited Introduction Born in 1930, Stephen Sondheim is a renowned composer and lyricist with an American origin. Throughout his career, Stephen has scooped numerous awards that have made him very popular in the music industry. The numerous lyrics and scores that inundate the music industry are just but the result of his great work. No wonder Scholars say that if not the greatest, then Sondheim is one of the best artists ever known in the theatre of music. The awards he has scooped range from the Academy Award to the Pulitzer Price.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Stephen Sondheim Biography specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Early Life Sondheim’s Jewish parents, Herbert Sondheim and Etta Janet bore him in the city of New York back in the year 1930. His parents brought him up in Manhattan and divorced l ater in Pennsylvania. The career of Sondheim’s mother was the design of clothes while his father used to manufacture the same. Since he was the only son in a well-off family, Sondheim suffered so much emotional neglect in his upbringing (King 118). While in New York, he attended Fieldston School among other schools as George school. While in Fieldston School, Sondheim wrote his first music and later graduated in the year 1940. When Sondheim’s father abandoned him, his mother ill-treated him psychologically; something that Sondheim hated so much that he refused to attend her funeral when she died. Career When he was only ten years old, Sondheim met a man who had a great impact in his career. The man was none other than the famous lyricist Oscar Hammerstein II who later became his surrogate father. It is during a ceremony marking one of Hammerstein’s music production centres that Sondheim met Harold Prince who in later years played a major part in directing Sondhe im’ shows (Secrest 120). During the period when he was in George school, Sondheim made a breakthrough in music through a comic that reflected on the happenings in his school. Though greatly appreciated by Sondheim’s peers, Hammerstein did not like the piece and took it as an opportunity to teach him what according to Sondheim, would keep other lyricists learning in their entire lives. Since that time, Sondheim has been active in the music theatre and this has made him collaborate with successful lyricists like Hal Prince, James Lapine and others. Besides songs, Sondheim has written many books, and anthologies. He has also played a major role in the production of many films and articles that have appeared in television world all over. Honors and Awards On his birthday as he turned eighty, Sondheim’s works received a major positive boost; numerous concerts that mainly included Sondheim’s songs and music marked the day (Suskin 697). Some of the original perf ormers were occasioned the birthday party, ready to perform the music and songs that Sondheim wrote.Advertising Looking for research paper on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Some of his work also got a boost in the film industry. Through his lyrics, songs and films, Sondheim has won many coveted awards including the Academy Award and Pulitzer Prize. He has also won several Grammy Awards, Tony Awards, Drama Desk Awards and OBIE award. Sondheim has also received honors like Kennedy Center Honors, the Hutchinson Prize, the Special Award and the Algur H Meadows Award. Personal Life At about the age of 40, Sondheim’s life had circulated in public circles. According to King, â€Å"Sondheim was a gay, but he did not cohabit with his partner, Peter John the dramatist, until he turned 61’ (310); however, when they came together they stayed together for many years. Sondheim’s practice as a gay did n ot bother him in any way; he was very free and could not mind discussing that issue with the media. Conclusion Stephen Sondheim is a successful dramatist and lyricist. Despite having many challenges in his life ranging from abandonment by his father, financial challenges in his career and a bumpy social life, he managed to scoop several awards, honors and collaborations with other successful lyricists. Works Cited King, Robert. The Psychoanalytic Study of the Child. New York: Yale University Press, 1985. Secrest, Meryle. Stephen Sondheim: A Life. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1998. Suskin, Steven. Opening Night on Broadway: A Critical Quotebook of the Golden Era of the Musical Theatre. New York: Schirmer Books, 1990. This research paper on Stephen Sondheim Biography was written and submitted by user Ahmed Hodges to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Advance Placement Sonnet Essay Question Samples

Advance Placement Sonnet Essay Question SamplesAdvanced placement sonnet essay question samples can be a godsend for students who need to address difficult subjects in their AP courses. Since so many students are struggling to meet the challenges of Advanced Placement, there are many who are looking for ways to increase their scores. Using these samples will help you better understand the questions and procedures associated with the course, and ensure that you are up to date on any changes in course material that may have occurred over the past few years.One of the biggest changes to your scores came with the introduction of AP English literature. This book was the first major content change that was introduced for AP students. Previously, students had to pass the section on literature, then they would move onto the exam on history, and then they were on to their final test. While those sections were tough, if you missed any, it could prove to be disastrous.When the AP test first cam e out, the test was taken from a copy that was provided by the College Board. This made it easy for students to perform research on the questions and answer them in a way that would help them meet the requirements of the essay test. There are many sites that now provide students with essays with specific sections on certain aspects of the curriculum, giving students a better idea of how to do it.The first thing that you should look for when looking for sample essays is that you are following the terms of the test itself. If the sample is not the real test, chances are you will have trouble. You may find yourself going back and re-reading sections if you're not prepared for the actual format.Taking multiple copies of the essay is important, too. For each group of students, take one copy and then turn it in to the test center to check for errors. The college or the writing center can then use the corrected copy to correct any mistakes, which helps to avoid being turned down for an ess ay that has to be re-tested by a different writing center.Writing samples also help to provide information about the formatting of a student's work. There are many sites online that show students how to format their work so that it meets the standards set forth by the College Board. Even if you think you've already taken this course and know what you need to write, the sample allows you to see that what you've been doing isn't working.Advanced placement sonnet essay question samples will be able to help you take the test in the most efficient manner possible. Make sure that you get the most out of your essay to ensure that you have a score that can stand the test of time.

Discrimination at Workplaces

Discrimination at Workplaces Introduction Discrimination at workplaces is not a new phenomenon as it has existed in various fields for a long time. Basically, discrimination occurs when an employer holds certain prejudice against a certain employee or a group of certain workers based on reasons that are superficial.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Discrimination at Workplaces specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These reasons may be on basis of age, race, sexual orientation, class or even disability among others. As a result all the employees though they possess equal qualifications are treated differently since the employer treats some less favorably than others. This may be in cases of promotion, pursuing some training of even payment among many others. Discrimination in a working environment may take various forms depending on the way it is carried out. Types of discrimination The various types of discriminations in the workplaces include; direct and indirect form of discrimination, harassment, and victimization. Direct discrimination occurs when an employer treats an employee less favorably for reasons like race difference, disability or the other reasons stated above. For example such a case would be experienced where a position in a workplace is only open to individuals who are of a certain race. Indirect form of discrimination on the other hand occurs when an employer or the management places some conditions that are not universal where those conditions may disadvantage one group of people within the working environment. For instance, when the management or the employer places a strict rule that workers must dress in a certain way, some members of certain religions might feel disadvantaged. Harassment in the work place is also viewed as another form of discrimination. This is where a worker is exposed to intimidating language or behavior like racial language with an aim of humiliating or undermining him or her.Advertisi ng Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Victimization on the other hands involves treating an employee in a less favorably manner since he or she tried to make a complaint about a certain form of discrimination in the organization. Practices that have promoted inequality in workplaces The current increase in the temporary, part-time wage work and other forms of employment that is not covered by labor laws and policies in Canada has contributed a lot to cases of discrimination and other irregularities in the Canadian labor market. Different practices are used by employers and these organizations to maintain forms of inequality for a particular category of employees or group of workers. In Canada the standard employment relation which took root after the World War II has been the one that has been predominant in this nation (Vosko 34). However, this form of employment relationship h ad its own limitations. This is because it had not been structured to accommodate some groups in the workforce as it was only handling the largest group who were the white male population. It never therefore catered for groups like the women workers and those from other races particularly the immigrants. In addition, the employment relation overlooked some working environments like the small business that operated on decentralized structure and the competitive sectors like manufacturing. As a result, the current state in Canada where employees engage in non standard employment that is different from the earlier form of full time employment, some form of insecurities due to irregularities have emerged. This is where aspects like gender and race among other categories have become a basis for discrimination. For instance, In Canada male employees tend to enjoy more work benefits compared to their female counterpart. This is where statistics have shown that in an organization, men are l ikely to secure permanent employment compared to women employees.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Discrimination at Workplaces specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This is because according to Cranford, Vosko and Zukewich (456), while the women who have part-time employment in Canada are 19 percent, the men are 8 percent. Just like sex, race is a predominant determiner of the employee’s access to permanent employment. For instance, in Canada white men are likely to get permanent employment compared to men of color. When comparing both men and women of color, women of color are less likely to get permanent employment compared to their male counterparts. Age is also a factor in access to permanent employment in Canadian labor market. This is where young people are less likely to get full-time permanent employment when compared to those who are middle-aged or older individuals. All these factors have contributed to insecurity in the Canadian labor market as they have disadvantaged several groups of individuals through giving more privileges to others. The government of Canada or the Canadian labor market has not placed any labor prohibitions on any gender regarding their participation in the labor market. However, the cultural and political values in this nation have consistently empowered a system where there are differences in the access and even in the participation of certain members in the labor market. This is where, for instance, males dominate some forms of employment while women are found in particular areas of employment. This is clearly seen in the health provision areas where most medical doctors who are highly paid are male. On the other hand, the nurses who are mostly female are less paid as their job is viewed to be of lower status. Although employment chances for women have increased substantially, there are more non-standard work arrangements makings which are increasing the c hances of discriminations in the workplaces.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This is in areas of payments and access to promotion chances. On the other hand, there have been cases of loss of jobs for the ageing and the unqualified population. There are other forms that have been used to perpetuate inequality in the labor market in Canada. The modernization in organizations has led to changes in the individuals’ quality of working life. This is where the increasing intellectualization in various work functions has resulted to permanent changes. In work relationships, there has been inequality between those who have acquired the knowledge in modern technology making them appear more qualified and able to deal with new challenges as opposed to those who hold moderate training; who area seen as dependent on routine training and those who depend on order to carry out their tasks. The various work-related inequalities that have been manifested by differences in payments among workers, promotion chances, employment security and even the level of social integ ration within the work environment require appropriate measures to mitigate them. There are various strategies that can be applied to encourage equalities in the various workplaces. Strategies of advancing equalities in the workplaces Since in most working environments, the employer has more power and authority over the employee as he or she has the right to terminate an employee’s contract and immediately get a replacement, workers can combine forces to increase their bargaining power. Collective bargaining is therefore one of the most efficient tools of advancing equality in the workplaces. It refers to a process where employees of an organization present their grievances to their employer through their representatives. This often happen in organizations where the employees have formed a union through which they are able to negotiate for better working conditions collectively. This strategy has proved to be the most effective as the employer will seek to avoid any decision that may lead to work stoppage since this may lead to incurring of losses. Though collective bargaining through unionization has been used in the past as a tool for negotiating salaries and wages increase, it can also be used to address the issue of work inequalities. For instance, in Canada, organization members have used unions to handle various aspects of inequality in their organizations. This has led to reducing the wage gap between various categories of workers in contract provisions (Duffy, Daniel and Pupo 46). This is through encouraging initiatives like pay and employment equity among the members of the union. Union also negotiates for non-monetary inequalities in the work places. These include improvement of working conditions for particular members in the organization with an aim of ensuring their safety within the working environment. The union often comes up with collective agreement together with their employer which clearly stipulates how disputes are to be resolved i n the organization. It also lays the rights that the employee is entitled to in the organization. Social movements have also been other methods that the workers in Canada have used to advance equality in workplaces. This is where people who share similar goals come together to campaign against their discrimination in various areas of society and workplaces. This has been common among the minority groups within a certain environment. For instance, the gay and lesbians have been victims of discrimination in various work environments. To these groups social movements have been very effective in addressing various forms of discriminations that they go through (Adams 86). Their main goal is to achieve social equality through right to enjoy their freedom, and protection from harm among other benefits. Passing of employment equity act is another strategy to achieving work-related equality. This is an initiative of the Labor Program that outlines various measures that are aimed at eliminati ng inequality in workplaces. According to Human Resources and Skills Development Canada (para 14), the Racism-Free Workplace Strategy (RFWS) is one of their commitment which aims at promoting fair and equitable workplaces. This is through elimination of barriers that have in the past prevented promotion of minorities like the Aboriginal people in various workplaces. The labor program achieves this through establishment of partnership with employers, unions and even non-governmental organizations. This has been effective in advancing equality since it involves increasing awareness of the benefits of eliminating discrimination in work environments through creation of racism-free environments. Conclusion Increase in inequality has been noted in the recent past where it has emerged in new forms that were initially not there. This has made it the most common economic and social issue in the current work environment. Due to individuals who suffer this vice remaining silent, some of the ne gative consequences that discrimination causes have been overlooked making them progress and cause more damage. However, the new Canadian labor laws if well implemented can assist in advancing social and economic equality in various workplaces. This is because the laws promote the actions of various organizations’ unions and promote the rights of all members in the nation. Adams, J. Roy. â€Å"Prospects for labours right to bargain collectively after BC health services.† UNB Law Journal 59 (2009): 85-94. Print. Cranford, Cynthia, Vosko Leah F. and Nancy Zukewich. â€Å"The gender of precarious employment in Canada.† Industrial Relations, 58.3 (Fall. 2003): 454-462. Duffy, Ann, Glenday Daniel and Pupo Norene. The shifting landscape of work. Toronto: Nelson Education, 2011. Print. Human Resources and Skills Development Canada. Employment Equity Act: Annual Report 2009. Canada, Labour. 2010. Web. Vosko, F. Leah. Gender differentiation and the standard/non-standard employment distinction in Canada: 1945 to the present. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2003. Print.

Evidence based practise Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Evidence based practise - Essay Example Evident research should never refer to situations whereby there is whole sale imposition of research without attending to the patient. Further, lack of appreciation to the available research is not evidence based practice. Research is the main part of the evidence based practice in mental health. All clinicians are expected to begin with research and then integrate with their expertise and patient values (Schultz and Videbeck, 2008 p 418). Consequently, the patients also form a crucial component of the evidence based practice in mental health and addictions. Clinicians should also perform the integration of patient characteristics and make the final decisions wile informing the patient what is likely to take place in the treatment process. Clinicians should always make the ultimate judgment regarding a particular intervention or treatment plan. However, untrained persons unfamiliar with the specifics of the case should never be allowed to make treatment decisions (Stickley and Bassett, 2008). Keedy (2003, np) assert that Clinical research should ensure that accuracy and relevancy in trying to solve the problems being experienced by the patient. In addition, the clinical research should be unbiased. Further, the research should also address factors such as disease prevalence and patient populations suffering from the mental disorder. Consequently, clinical research is not complete without focusing on treatment methods. The research should also ensure that it factor in systematic reviews, reasonable effect sizes as well as clinical relevance. Finally, the research should have supporting evidence. According to Allen and Lyne (2006 p 78), Clinicians are expected to have appropriate experience in terms of skills that will lead to the promotion of positive therapeutic outcomes. The clinician should be able to conduct assessments, come up with diagnostic decisions, assess patient progress, understand cultural differences and

Statistics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 3

Statistics - Essay Example That may make them more satisfied with their "work" in the short run, but their performance certainly didnt improve. Each and every organization is faced with people challenges. How do you get public moving in the right direction? Start where they are. The first step is to provide feedback to employees from their current point of view. That is where Inscape Publishing comes in. For nearly 30 years Inscape guides have been first choice for research-based self-assessments. Theyve helped over 30 million people worldwide progress performance, increase job satisfaction and value differences (Hines, 1990). All analysis are conducting by using SPSS for Windows (SPSS, 13.0) were utilized to conduct statistical analyses. Descriptive statistics were calculated for the employment background and the job satisfaction variables. Now we apply the hypothesis on overall job satisfaction level and ANOVA for intrinsic and extrinsic satisfactions. Since the computed value of z falls within the rejection region, so we reject the null hypothesis (at ï  ¡ = 0.05). So there is sufficient evidence that the average overall job satisfaction is not equals to 4.5 The significance value of the F test in the ANOVA table is 0.000 and 0.002 for intrinsic and extrinsic cases respectively. Thus, we must reject the hypothesis that average satisfaction assessment scores are equal across both intrinsic and extrinsic groups. Now that we know the groups differ in some way, we need to learn more about the structure of the differences. Taking overall job satisfaction as a factor - Obviously when a job is routine, these elements would be routine. What is routine is ordinary, and what is ordinary cannot be perfect. In order to have a perfect job, one has to break through these formal walls that are built to enclose a so-called professional world. Employee expectations of certain standards for working conditions at the beginning of employment may be

Modern democracy develop in America Essay Example for Free

Modern democracy develop in America Essay The English colonies on the eastern coast of American can be divided into three groups, the North, the Middle Colonies and the South. They all have very different attitudes but they all came here to America to escape from the oppression back in Europe and to develop a new, democratic country. To establish democracy, they all have to face the same enemy, the British. Modern democracy involves the right to vote, check and balance, and an elected representative. The main reasons for development of modern democracy in America were religion, wealth, political freedom, pragmatism and secularism. Religion and political freedom are strongly related to each other because Christianity provided an essential moral foundation for liberal democratic government. The Pilgrims who reached New England in 1620 escaped from religious persecution by the English church and government and the corruptions of Holland. Soon they decided to set up their own government base on Christian ideas, particular the idea of equality. It was one of the early steps towards modern democracy in America. The Pilgrims drew up an important agreement called the Mayflower Compact. The agreement stated that the government would make just laws and equal with the consent of the colonists. In practice this meant that adult male Pilgrims met from time to time to elect a governor and a small group to assist him. The Puritans also hated the hierarchy system in the English church. But comparing to the Pilgrims, the Puritans were more ambitious. They thought it was destiny and Gods will that brought them to America. Religion and the idea of city upon the hill caused them to form a democratic government. City upon a hill was proposed by John Winthrop. He meant that the new colony would be an example for the rest of the world of how God meant men and women to live. The Puritans should build their city well and it would become a model which England might follow. Wealth also hindered the movement of democracy. First of all, the colonists in the south went to American hoping to find wealth and success which they found by growing tobacco and slave trade. Once they got wealth, they wanted to protect their property and to gain further profit. The only way to do  this is to have a government system where it will concern about peoples self interest. As a result, a democratic government is developed where most issues were approved or discussed by the people before it was passed. Pragmatism means human taking practical actions to problems. America is a new, strange land to the colonists. The colonists had to be very flexible to cope with the wilderness. Secularism means the exclusion of religious and supernatural beliefs. These two ideas combined to develop another characteristic of modern democracy that is religious freedom. It was first suggested by William Penn, a Quaker. They believed all men are equal no matter what race or what religion they believed in. The Quakers thought religion does not dictate political decisions, though the moral views originating in Christianity remain. Rather then concentrating on the religious aspect, they concentrate on improving their lives in this new country. The Shakers held a similar idea with the Quakers. They believed in Hands to work, heart to God. This developed the idea of you can believe in any religion or none at all, with little legal or social sanction, that is the freedom of religion. The main cause of the American War of Independence is how the British treated Americans after the Seven Years War. The Seven Years War (1756-1763) had the French on one side and Prussia backed by British gold on the other. The Seven Years War was mainly the result of trading rights. The British colonials (Americans) were pinned up against the Atlantic seaboard, with only the Hudson Bay Company in the north challenging the French trading. The colonists were running out of land. British found the need to expand. But doing so, they would enter the Ohio Valley, controlled by France. In the end, France was defeated. Although Britain won the war, they found themselves in an unfavourable situation. The war was longer than the British had expected and was expensive. Even worse, the colonists were moving west. In order to maintain their new land in America British must send troops to protect it, this was another huge spending. Since Britain had defended the thirteen colonies, they thought tha t the colonists should pay for the troops by various taxes. Starting from 1763, Britain tried to apply its own policy onto the American colonists. The American colonists were unpleased because the reason why there were here in America was to escape from English rule but now the British government was making decisions, disregarding the assemblies that they established earlier. A few events highlighted the colonists resentments and anger toward Britain. In 1764, the Revenue Act was introduced. It stated that colonists have to pay duty for molasses which is used to make rum. It was the first time that the colonists felt the unjust of British rule. The next year, British introduced another tax through Stamp Act. This Act made colonists to buy stamps for newspaper and many other essential items. They even have to buy license for playing cards and dice. The colonists became outrageous, they believed only their assemblies can tax on them, not the London Parliament which is few thousands miles away and they had not much power in it. The anger towards British rule was intense by Britain demolishing all duties in the Townshend Act apart from tea. The colonists regarded this as a bribe to make them end the boycott with British government so that the British can tax them. As a result, a first actual rebellion was broke out and it was known as the Boston Tea Party. Few colonists disguised themselves as Indians and threw cargos of tea into the harbour. This rebellion alerted the British. The British decided to make a harsher plan towards America. The Intolerable Acts were made in 1774 to gain total control over American colonists. The British block ports and only allow American assemblies to meet once a year. This is the ultimate reason for making the American wanted to go to war with Britain. The Acts caused the colonists to stop all trade with Britain and raise their own troops. Americans felt that Britain was taking their democracy away by simply ruling them in British way. Under British rule, Americans did not have the right to vote or to elect government. They did not have religion freedom and must follow the English church. They could not have their own trade. The colonists feelings could be expressed through the Philosophes arguments. As the famous philosophe, Voltaire said, I disagree with everything you say, but will defend to the death your right to say it!, he believed that the Church stood in the way of truth by telling people what to believe instead of allowing them to think for themselves. The American extended this  idea even further and thought that Britain was in the way of their democracy and that the welfare of the colony and the Empire were not always synonymous. The philosophes also emphasised on human rights and this related to how the American thought when a government does not consent the governed, it should be change. The colonists fled from the oppression back in Europe and wanted to start a new life. Their religion, ambition and attidtues finally led them to the road to modern democracy. But Britain disregarded their rights and democracy and this is the immediate cause of the American War of Independence.

Drinking Age Essay -- Argumentative Persuasive Essays

Drinking Age The consumption of alcoholic beverages is a privilege not a right. The legal drinking age in the United States is twenty-one, and I believe that this is a fair age. There are so many statistics that show drinking to be bad to begin with, but there are many more statistics that show why the drinking age of twenty-one should not be lowered. Teenagers do not show enough responsibility when drinking, and it would do everyone a lot more harm if they could do it legally. There is no argument that drinking and driving is bad because so many people are put at risk when someone does drive drunk. Teenagers drink, which is against the law to begin with, but also drive while they are intoxicated. This is bad because teenagers are still growing and are at the age of rebellion, so alcohol has a different effect on teenagers than adults. Teenagers feel that they are grown up enough to make adult decisions, but drinking and then driving is a sure sign of immaturity. In many studies researchers have found that the number one cause of death among young adults are car crashes and out of all of those, nearly half are alcohol related. Long-term loss of drivers license and large fines and possible jail time, are consequences of driving drunk for persons twenty-one years and younger. There is zero tolerance in all fifty states and D.C. for underage drinking and driving.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The drinking age is also good where it is, because scientists have proof that teenage brains are not...