The making of fermented beverages - Free Essay Example

The making of fermented beverages was discovered many thousands of years ago by primitive humans. This process of making fermented beverages has been practiced as an art over the years. However, within the past century, this art has evolved into a highly developed science. The beverage industry has a lot in common with other food industries. These common factors include taste, odour, colour individual preference. These factors force the manufacturer or brewer as he would be called to exert his greatest skill and experience in producing palatable beverages of great variety. The main criteria for quality even with all the refinements of modern science, still lie with the human sensory organs of smell, taste and sight. Hence, a good brewer would have to be a great engineer, a good chemist a good bacteriologist. Alcoholic beverages can be classified as: Distilled Liquors. Fermented Wines. Malt Liquors. Beer and ale require malted or germinated grain to make the carbohydrates present in them fermentable. Wines are generally produced by the action of yeast on the sugar of fruit. Distilled liquors are fermented liquors which are further distilled to increase their alcoholic content. In India, today when one thinks of alcoholic beverages the first thing that comes to mind is the variants like Beer, Wine, Whisky, Brandy, Scotch, Rum, Vodka, Gin, etc. One would also think of the local alcoholic beverages called Desi or Country Liquor. However, the concept of non conventional wine or beer is completely new to the country. Non Conventional Wines: When it comes to wine what comes to mind is grape wine (wine made from grapes) and for several thousands of years wine has been traditionally made by the fermentation of the juice of the grape. Wine is believed to be the most popular beverages associated with happiness, festivities and celebrations all over the globe. The global market for wine is estimated at around 25 billion liters. Many varieties of wine are made throughout the world and the French wines are considered to be the most popular all over the globe. In general wines would be classified as: Red Wines these are made from grapes without removing the skins. White Wines these are made from grape juice. Sparkling Wines these are considered to be carbonated white wines. Wine like other beverages can also be easily made from other fruits, roots grains. These beverages are also referred to as wines. However these wines would have a prefix or suffix of the raw material fruit, root or grain. The concept of wine made from fruits, other than that of grapes is widely accepted all around the world but is still slightly new in India. Although there are some manufacturers that also make Apple Cider (wine made from apples) Orange wine (wine made from oranges), this hasnt really taken off in the country. Wines made from certain roots herbs are believed to be very healthy in nature. Although alcoholic in nature, it is a proven fact that these other variants of wine are god for health. These healthier wine variants were considered as traditional remedies. We had wine made from Ginger that would be used to treat a common cold or wine made from Beetroot that could be used to control ones blood pressure. Compared to other nations, wines manufacture i.e. production or consumption in India is relatively insignificant. This could probably be attributed to the earlier period of prohibition within the country. Another factor, with which wines poor consumption in India can be attributed to, is the higher prices of wine in comparison to spirits like brandy and whisky making it less attractive. These spirits are manufactured within the country and are referred to as Indian made liquors. In India, wine was made mainly on a small scale and generally made domestically. Wine manufacture on an organized scale first commenced in the country with the setting up of the Champagne Indage Ltd. (Chateau Indage) plant in the state of Maharashtra in 1984. A few more units have set up after that within the country. These units are mostly located in the Nasik district of the state of Maharashtra as the climate is found to be more suitable and favorable for grapes used in wine making. In todays world since people are becoming more health conscious, catering to this class of people will definitely be beneficial. It is believed that many positive aspects can be attributed to wine and its consumption both socially health wise. Wine Market in India: The Indian wine industry has been steadily growing over the last decade. Wine is now slowly becoming an integrated part of the urban Indian lifestyle. Rising incomes of the Indian population, changing demographics and an exposure to foreign cultures is adding to the higher consumption of wine. The Indian wine industry is growing at 25% 30% per annum and for the year 2008; it was estimated at 1.1 million per 9 liter cases and valued at Rs.2400 crores. The wine market is expected to grow to 4 million cases by 2015. The market for wine in India is expected to grow at around 20 % per annum. The per capita consumption of wine in India is still extremely low. However, there is a growing consumer interest in wines with a number of wine clubs opening in cities like Delhi, Chandigarh, Hyderabad and Bangalore. Nearly 80% of the wine sales in India are accounted for by the major cities like New Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai, Kolkata, Pune and Bangalore. West India accounts for over 41% of the total sales volume of wine in the country, followed by North India which accounts for 29% of the total sales volume. Nearly 90% of wine sales are for still wines i.e. white red wines. Sparkling wines target that select segment of affluent consumers. Wines that are being seld in the market are generally around Rs.300 per bottle. Even though cheaper variants of wine are available in the market, the market for these varieties is not growing as fast as medium pr iced wines. These developments and statistics show that it is definitely promising to set up new manufacturing units within the country. These statistics are for conventional wines i.e. the grape wines. There is an entirely new market for the non conventional wines i.e. wines made from other fruits, roots and cereals that is completely untapped within the country. This market would includes wines made from ginger, beetroot, etc which are very healthy in nature wines made from tropical fruits like mangoes, berries (strawberries, blueberries, cranberries, etc), oranges, apples, etc and even wines made from rice. India has a vast range of fruits growing in the country, some which are more seasonal in nature. Thus we can harness this opportunity of the countrys vast variety of tropical fruits and favorable climate to manufacture non grape wines which could prove to be much cheaper and lesser time consuming. This can help to develop an entirely new wine market within the country capture the same. Hence this non conventional wine could meet part of the demand from the growing domestic market and part of this production can also be exported. It will also be very easy to set up a winery for manufacturing non conventional wines in Maharashtra easily as it will be backed by the government support and encouragement as this is an emerging industry that will contribute to the development of the economy. This is one of the reasons why Excise department of the state of Maharashtra imposes strict control of alcohol taxation, distribution and sale. Thus it fiercely protects its wine market and industry. Non Conventional Wine Manufacturing Process: The quality of wine is largely dependent on the main raw material, the soil and sun. Slight differences in the three would result in a variation in the flavor, texture and aroma. The colour of the wine depends largely on the nature of the fruit, root or cereal. It would also depend on whether the skins (in the case of fruits) are pressed out before fermentation. Wines are technically classified as: Natural Wines (Alcohol content 7% to 14%). Fortified Wines (Alcohol content 14% to 30%). Sweet or Dry Wines. Still or Sparkling Wines (Carbonated). The method for manufacturing these non conventional varieties of wine is more or less similar to manufacturing the grape wines. The method for manufacturing beetroot wine on a small scale is as follows: Grating of Beetroot. Alcoholic Fermentation. Bulk Storage. Iterative Filtration. Maturation of Wine. Clarification and packaging. Raw Materials: Beetroot. Water. Fresh Lemon juice. Strong tea Source of tannin. Sugar. Yeast. Potassium Metabisulphite Preservative (Check the growth of wild yeast). The proportion of the quantity of each raw material requirement varies depending on quantity to be produced in liters and capacity of storage tanks. Eg:- To produce 4 liters of beetroot wine, the requirements would be 1 Kg of beetroot, 1 Kg of Sugar, few lemons for lemon juice, 100 ml of strong tea, 4 liters of water and 1 tbsp of Yeast. This is to produce it of a homemade level. Plant Machinery: The plant and machinery would consist of grating equipment, cleaning and washing equipment, mixing tanks (mixer), juice extraction unit, hot water tanks, storage tanks, fermenters, filters, pumps and bottling equipment. Utilities: Good quality water power are the essential utilities. Technology: Wine making technology is very simple in nature and is still considered as an art and hence the guidance of a master wine maker is very essential. Process: A proportional quantity of beetroot depending on the quantity of wine to be produced is taken and initially undergoes grating. Grating is essential in the case of beetroots as it easily helps extract the juice from it. It is more efficient than crushing or boiling chunks of beetroot which gives lesser yield. The grated product is then sent to a mixer with hot boiling water and is boiled in the water for a period of 45 60 minutes. By this time most of the juice gets extracted and the colour of the water turns to blood red. Potassium or sodium metabisulphite in small quantity is added which acts as a preservative to check the growth of wild yeast. Proportionate amounts of lemon juice (obtained from the juice extraction unit) and strong tea are added to the mixing tank where this entire mixture is blended for about 30 minutes. This mixture is then sent to the first filtration tank that filters out the beetroot juice from the grated beetroot, lemon seeds, tea leaves and other particles if present. The waste from this filtration unit is disposed off. The juice after being filtered is then sent to another mixing tank with a jacket that brings down the temperature of the juice to around 30oC. In this mixing tank a proportionate quantity of powdered sugar is added. Powdered sugar is essential as it can easily be saturated in the juice i.e. easily be dissolved. After another 30 40 minutes after all the sugar has been dissolved, the sweetened juice is then sent to fermenters where an active culture of selected and cultivated yeast equal to 3 to 5 percent of the volume of juice is added. During fermentation the temperature rises and hence cooling coils are essential to maintain the temperature below 30oC. This process of fermentation takes around 3 to 5 days. The carbon dioxide evolved during fermentation carries any unfiltered particles to the top. When the fermentation slows down, the juice from the fermenter is pumped out from the bottom of the vat and over the top. This wine is finally run into closed storage tanks in the storage cellar, where during the period of 2 3 weeks the yeast ferments the remainder of the sugar. The wine is then given a cellar treatment to clear it, improve the taste, and decrease the time of aging. During this treatment the wine is first allowed to stay quiet for 6 weeks to remove part of the matter in suspension, and then racked for clarification. During clarification and the following period the new wine would undergo a complicated series of reactions, resulting in the removal of undesired constituents and development of the aroma, esterification of the acids by alcohol. Bentonite may be used for clearing and 20 185 g can be added and stirred into every 100 liters of wine. Extra tannin (strong tea) may be added to the wine which can be then racked and filtered through asbestos or paper pulp. It is a standard procedure to chill some wines for the removal of argols or crude potassium acid tartate. This treatment gives a more stable and finished wine. By quick aging methods it is possible to produce a good sweet wine in 4 months. Quick aging methods include pasteurization, refrigeration, aeration and agitation. After a final filtration the wine can be sent to the bottling plant where it can be bottled and sealed and placed in cases ready for shipment for domestic or export purposes. Similarly, other non conventional wines like ginger wine, mango wine, berry wine, etc. can be manufactured in a similar manner with slight variations in the process depending on the core raw material. Cost of Project: The cost of setting up a plant with a capacity of 5 lac liters of wine per year would work upto an initial investment of Rs. 5 crores to Rs. 6 crores. This however, does not include the cost of a plantation. Statistics Source: Statistical data obtained from the report on Comprehensive Study of the Indian Wine Market Conducted by JBC International Inc. Values of Parameters in manufacturing process Source: Shreves Chemical Process Industries George T. Austin. Marketing Non Conventional Wines in India: The concept of non conventional wines in India is completely new and hence as per Ansoffs Matrix it will follow the Product Development Strategy. Thus it is essential for a marketer to ensure that efficient new product development strategies are implemented like minimizing cost, improving marketability, etc. for this product to be a success in the market. Statistics show us that a large part of the Indian wine market is partly driven by the upper class and upper middle class Indians. The upper class and upper middle class Indians are estimated to be around 2% of the population and therefore approximately 20 25 million people. Many of these Indians have an increasing level of disposable incomes, and have a greater experience with international lifestyles. This exposure is either through work, studies or travel. These individuals are also now diverting their attention to healthier lifestyles i.e. they are now becoming health conscious. It is also a proven fact that a glass of wine a day is good for health. Thus a glass of beetroot wine or ginger wine or any other variant will be more beneficial. Thus targeting this segment of the population is much easier on account of their changing lifestyles and preferences along with their higher levels of disposable income. Now that the target segment has been identified, the marketer needs to position the product in the minds of the consumers. Thus the marketer can position the wines made from roots, herbs and cereals as a healthy alcoholic beverage and wines made from fruits other than grapes as a tropical alcoholic beverage. However, it should be positioned in such a way that there is no misuse of this positioning that could possibly lead to alcoholism. The marketer cannot use media like advertising as advertising for alcohol is not permitted within the country. Thus the marketer can organize wine tasting events for the upper class upper middle class Indians wherein the different wines can be sampled and sold also. This can also be a PR event where the press can be invited to write reviews on this new range of wines. Another aspect that the marketer can carry out is targeting the Hospitality sector, i.e. targeting the major Hotels and restaurants where it is possible to reach the target customer. Such wines could also be served at media events to spread awareness and increase demand for the product. SWOT Analysis of the Wine Industry in India. Strengths: Domestic Wine industry is a new and emerging industry in India. Few wineries in the country and most of the wineries are located in Maharashtra. Complete Government support as this industry can produce products at a cheaper rate to be exported. 12 major wine producers in the country and most of them manufacturing grape wines. Very few manufacturers of non conventional wines. Target customer segment located majorly in metros like Delhi Mumbai. Weaknesses: Most wineries in Maharashtra thus intense competition in the state to manufacture at cheapest price. Heavy taxation on distribution and sale. Competing with established Indian brands and well known foreign brands. No provision for advertising in electronic and print media, thus making the target audience aware becomes a challenge and a difficulty. Opportunities: Non conventional wines are healthier in nature and may prove to be appealing to target audience. Tremendous opportunities for export on account of Government support. More and more exposure to foreign cultures through television, work, travel, etc. and hence an expanding customer base. Threats: Major threat of competition from foreign players and established Indian players. Treat or competition from other alcoholic beverages like beer, vodka, white rum that are more appealing to the younger generation of the upper middle class upper class segment. Thus although capturing the market may be a challenge to the marketer, there indeed is tremendous potential for non conventional wines in India. Non Alcoholic Beverages: When it comes to the non alcoholic beverage industry one would think that it refers to the soft drink beverage industry. However, this is actually not the case. The soft drink industry is divided into just three categories. These include the black soft drinks (cola), orange soft drinks the white soft drinks (include anything other than cola and orange). The leaders in the cola segment are Coke and Pepsi with Thums Up falling in third. In the orange segment the leaders are Fanta Mirinda. In the white segment the undisputed leader is Limca with close competing followers like Sprite, 7 Up, Lemonade, Mountain Dew, etc. The total soft drink market is estimated at 284 million crates a year or $1 billion. In 2006 it was valued at $3.8 billion and is estimated to have a value of $5.6 billion by 2011. The market is highly seasonal in nature with consumption varying from 25 million crates per month during peak season and 15 million crates per month during offseason. This market is predominan tly urban with a 25% contribution from rural areas. The market leader is Coca-Cola due to Coke Thums Up. India being a highly diverse nation with a huge population, there exist tremendous potential in the beverage industry. The Non Alcoholic beverage industry includes categories like fruit vegetables juices, energy drinks, non-carbonated drinks, etc. This includes the health beverages. This market is now continuously growing as people are becoming more and more health conscious. The reason being it is believed that consumption of aerated beverages leads to diseases lie obesity, type 2 diabetes, dental decay and low nutritional levels. It has been witnessed that cola sales have reduced drastically due to health concerns and this has benefited the non-carbonated drinks market in the country like energy drinks and juices. The Indian non alcoholic drinks market was estimated at Rs.216 billion in 2008. It is forecasted to grow at a CAGR of around 15% during the years 2009-2012. The highest growth in this segment is generally seen in the fruit or vegetable juice market. This is forecasted to grow at a CAGR of 30% in terms of value from the years 2009-2012. It will be closely followed by the segment of energy drinks which is expected to grow at a CAGR of 29% during the period 2009-2012. There is a greater awareness now among the masses of the functional benefits of health beverages and a greater willingness to pay a premium price for such beverages. Due to these strong drivers of growth, it is evident that the beverage industry in India has begun responding to products that are marketed on a health platform. The non alcoholic beverage industry is classified again into carbonated and non carbonated beverages. The carbonated segment includes drinks like energy drinks, ginger ale, root beer, etc. The non carbonated segment includes juices of fruits vegetables, bottled water, non alcoholic wines, coffee, tea, etc. *Statistics Source: Report on Indian Non-Alcoholic Drinks Forecast to 2012. Non Alcoholic Wines: In India, few wine manufacturers are now trying to attract customers by manufacturing non alcoholic wines. However there is not much demand that has been observed for the same. A non alcoholic wine is a new concept that has not been popularized much in India. One of the major reasons of its low popularity is that there are myths that it still contains a certain percentage of alcohol. This however is not true. Non alcoholic wines need not necessarily be made from grapes. It can be made from various fruits like apricots, mangoes, apples, oranges, berries etc. These are like beverages that could be carbonated or non-carbonated. A typical known non-alcoholic wine beverage in the United States of America is the Almost Wine Cooler. It is known as a virgin wine cooler. This is an aerated beverage that is made from wine and other fruit juices without any alcohol content. These beverages are believed to be healthier than the normal aerated beverages like cola, etc. These can be served to people of all ages. However since these are made originally from alcoholic beverages it is mandatory for the manufacturer to put a label on the packaging showing a minimum alcoholic content percentage in the USA. Hence in America, kids below the age of 21 are not allowed to purchase non alcoholic beverages. Non Alcoholic Wine Manufacturing Process: Wines are made non alcoholic in nature through the process of reverse osmosis. Firstly wine is manufactured through its normal process and it then undergoes a process of reverse osmosis where the alcohol is separated from the wine to give a concentrated wine solution. This then undergoes carbonation where the concentrated non-alcoholic wine is carbonated depending on requirement. In the case of the beetroot wine example as mentioned above the process for manufacturing the wine will remain the same. After the last clarification or filtration stage, instead of bottling the wine, the wine is sent to a tank where it gets carbonated with CO2 under pressure. After this stage it goes through the bottling process. Reverse Osmosis: It is a patented method and is much more efficient than the evaporation and distillation method. Equipments: Storage tanks, Pumps, Reverse osmosis unit and a valve. Process: In the reverse osmosis method a tank is initially filled with the alcoholic wine. This tank is connected to a pump that pushes the wine into a reverse osmosis unit. The reverse osmosis unit consists of a membrane having very small pores encased in cylinders. The wine flows through the membrane at very high pressure and through the small pores. The mesh like membranes that are encased in cylinders separate the wine into a syrupy concentrate and an alcohol water mixture. Thus the membrane separates out the syrupy concentrate from the alcohol and water. The alcohol and water mixture is sent to a storage tank that collects all the alcohol and water. The syrupy wine concentrate gets recycled back to the original tank containing the wine thus reducing the percentage of alcohol in the tank. The syrup is recycled through a valve that controls the flow. This cycle is repeated around 10-20 times till the alcohol concentration or alcohol percentage is reduced to completely zero. After this, water gets reintroduced to the tank with the concentrated syrup to obtain the final product. The finished product taste is almost similar to that of the original wine if not sweeter and the percentage of alcohol in this product is almost zero. It is believed to be around one half of one percent of alcohol. Hence non alcoholic wines are also called zero alcoholic wines. This finished product then passes to a tank for carbonation under high pressure depending on requirement for carbonated beverage. This product can also be reasonably priced to compete effectively with the soft drink beverages like the colas, and also to effectively compete against juices and energy drinks. Root Beer: Another concept that is completely new in the country is root beer. Root beer is the biggest non alcoholic beverage in the west. It is extremely popular and is accepted as a healthier drink as compared to Coke, Pepsi, etc. Other variants of root beer include fruit beer, birch beer and ginger ale. These again are non alcoholic beers prepared from various fruits and Ginger syrup (for ginger ale). Root beer can be manufactured either as alcoholic or non alcoholic (i.e. soft drink). However the non alcoholic root beer is still more popular in the USA. The main ingredient initially in the manufacture of root beer was Sarsaparilla or Sweet Sarsaparilla. However now a days it is more favorable to make root beer from root beer extract. This is due to the carcinogenic nature of this plant. Root beer extract consists of caramel colour, imitation vanilla, water and alcohol. It consists of a very small proportion of alcohol. Studies show that root beer made from root beer extract has around 0.35% alcohol. This can be easily removed by reverse osmosis. Root Beer Manufacturing Process: Root beer is much simpler and easier to manufacture as compared to actual beer. Raw Materials Required: Root Beer Extract, Water, Yeast Sugar. Equipment: Storage tanks, Mixer, Filtration unit, Fermenters and pumps. Process: Sugar in a proportionate quantity to the quantity of the root beer to be manufactured is added to the mixer with an agitator. This would ensure the powdering of the sugar. Next a small quantity of yeast is added to the mixer and this mixture is blended well. After blending the mix from the mixer is sent to the fermenters. The fermenters are fermentation tanks where a proportionate quantity of root beer extract is added. This extract mixes well with the mix of powdered sugar and yeast. To this mixture in the fermentation tank water is added. The minute water is added the temperature of the mixture in the tank rises up. This is due to the fermentation of sugar carried out by the yeast. Thus the tank can be provided by cooling coils or a jacket to maintain the temperature to below 30oC. This mixture from this tank is sent to a sealed tank with a pressure relief valve to release the pressure being developed and to ensure that there is no explosion. The sealed tank also ensures no outside activity of air or oxygen on the mixture in the tank. Fermentation takes place in around 5 days and after 5 days the mixture is passed though a filtration unit where any undissolved yeast or sugar is separated out. The solution is then moved into a storage tank maintained at cooler temperatures to ensure no yeast enzyme activity and to ensure no further fermentation. After storage, when the fermentation process has completely slowed down the finished product can be sent to the bottling plant for packaging. This solution or finished product contains a very small percentage of alcohol i.e. around .35%. This can be reduced to zero by the reverse osmosis process. Reverse Osmosis: It is a patented method and is much more efficient than the evaporation and distillation method. Equipments: Storage tanks, Pumps, Reverse osmosis unit and a valve. Process: In the reverse osmosis method a tank is initially filled with the root beer. This tank is connected to a pump that pushes the root beer into a reverse osmosis unit. The reverse osmosis unit consists of a membrane having very small pores encased in cylinders. The root beer flows through the membrane at very high pressure and through the small pores. The mesh like membranes that are encased in cylinders separate the root beer into a root beer concentrate and an alcohol carbonated water mixture. Thus the membrane separates out the root beer concentrate from the alcohol and water. The alcohol and water mixture is sent to a storage tank that collects all the alcohol and water. The root beer concentrate gets recycled back to the original tank containing the root beer thus reducing the percentage of alcohol in the tank. The root beer concentrate is recycled through a valve that controls the flow. This cycle is repeated around 10-20 times till the alcohol concentration or alcohol percentage is reduced to completely zero. After this, water gets reintroduced to the tank with the concentrated syrup to obtain the final product. The finished product looks exactly like the original root beer and taste is almost similar to that of the original root beer if not sweeter and the percentage of alcohol in this product is almost zero. This finished product then passes to a tank for carbonation under high pressure to carbonate the non alcoholic root beer. It is also possible to manufacture this root beer on a small scale level or a homemade level. Thus since it is quiet cheap to manufacture root beer, it is seen that it will be competitive in nature to the existing beverages in the market and capture that market. Similarly ginger ale, birch beer, etc. can more or less be manufactured in the same way. Marketing Non Alcoholic Wines Root Beer in India: The concept of root beer in India is completely new and hence as per Ansoffs Matrix it will follow the Product Development Strategy. Ansoffs Matrix Analysis for Root Beer: Thus it is essential for a marketer to ensure that efficient new product development strategies are implemented like minimizing cost, improving marketability, etc. for root beer to compete in an already existing market of non alcoholic beverages and soft drink beverages to be a success in the market. A large part of the Indian population especially the upper class the upper middle class is changing its lifestyles and are now trying to adopt the lifestyles of the people in the West i.e. people in developed nations. Another noticeable fact is that these classes of Indians have now started to spend more this means an increase in their disposable incomes. Hence it will be feasible to sell non alcoholic wines and root beer to this target segment after careful positioning strategies and distribution strategies. The non alcoholic wines and root beer can be positioned as healthy beverages that can prove to be better and healthier substitutes to the unhealthy soft drink beverages. Also after obtaining all the necessary licenses these products can be distributed through the distribution channel right upto the retailer. The retailer in general must be major stores like hypermart stores and malls. The reason being the target customers make most of their day to day purchases at such stores rather than the local kiranawala. The Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC) must be very effective to communicate the message of a healthier benefit to the target customers. Advertising should be very effective to communicate the appropriate message. Advertising media like that of print and electronic media will prove to be favorable. Thus with effective marketing the products root beer and non alcoholic wines will definitively be successful in the India market. Conclusion: Thus wine being an emerging industry in India, there is tremendous scope to manufacture and market non conventional wines in the country. Also the changing demographics and lifestyles of the Indian consumers make it beneficial for these non conventional wines to survive in the Indian market. With effective marketing strategies it will be possible to efficiently market these beverages in the country. Also with the definite support of the Government it will be very easy to set up a winery within the country as these industries will definitely contribute to the development of the economy due to the large amount of exports and domestic consumption. In the non alcoholic beverage sector root beer being a totally new concept it will prove to be effective in the Indian market with the proper marketing strategies. Root beer just needs to be marketed as a healthier beverage as compared to the soft drink beverages. Thus it will be easy to market root beer and thus this product will be able to survive in the market. Bibliography: Internet References: https://www.clarety.co.nz/. https://www.foodsectornews.com/. https://www.rncos.com/. https://www.agriculture-industry-india.com/. https://www.chow.com/. Book References: Shreves Chemical Process Industries George T. Austin. Report References: Report on Indian Non-Alcoholic Drinks Forecast to 2012. Report on Comprehensive Study of the Indian Wine Market Conducted by JBC International Inc.

What You Must Know About Humanities 1101 Field Trip Essay Samples and Why

What You Must Know About Humanities 1101 Field Trip Essay Samples and Why Humanities 1101 Field Trip Essay Samples Options It's far better to alter the text while it's being written than when the full essay is ready. That is, you own an opportunity to produce your customized essay more personal. If you purchase an essay beforehand, you pay a normal price. A quotation should not show up in the prose of your essay without a number of your words attached to it. It is not easy to claim that you're interested in the way an author expresses himself should you don't demonstrate that expression in your essay. Your reader will definitely want to be aware of the context of your quotation or paraphrase. Readers of your essay will search for an argument that's clearly expressed in a logical purchase. Humanities 1101 Field Trip Essay Samples: the Ultimate Convenience! If you begin with a narrow focus, you could always expand the scope of your topic later in the paper. A rather large amount of research has revealed that meditation has benefits on mental well-being, including a decrease in proneness to depression, an increase in emotional positivity, and an elevated ability to cope with life's inevitable stresses. If you're using any secondary sources here, they have to be paraphrased or quoted. If you can just find a couple of sources for your subject, you might need to decide on another. In an extremely developed society it's inevitable to c omprehend the roots of biological, physical and mental nature of somebody. Writemyessayx have skilled students as founders either writers so the writing process is one which is understood in the working relationship between the author and the customer. Together with the evolution of political regimes in addition to religion, human beliefs have undertaken a string of changes. The humanities are essentially the study of the various ways in which people from various parts of the world and during different periods of history have processed and documented the human experience. What the In-Crowd Won't Tell You About Humanities 1101 Field Trip Essay Samples Hands-on service learning within the field of child intervention is intended to link the class work on research and theory to human service practice. The course will comprise a string of certain presentations by selected instructors that explore the aforementioned places and themes. Several instructors could be invited to return and interact with one another and with the students relating the many areas to one another. For nearly all students, the practice of mastering the academic paper represents one of the most difficult tasks however thorough the high school preparation. Writing quality research proposals has ever been a herculean job for many students. All research has to attempt to answer a focused question associated with medicine that's of interest to other scholars in the specialty. Soon universities were transformed too. Technology may be used to produce and destroy. Humanities 1101 Field Trip Essay Samples - Overview A great guideline for college humanities papers is to have a minumum of one resource for each page of required text that you must write. What's more, your teacher has shared their private opinion about your topic. Every time a student must compose an essay on humanities, they should bear in mind that it's required to compose a humanities essay that is associated with the subjects, in which he or she's engaged in. There's no such student who's permitted to submit papers after the deadline. When it comes to humanities essays, you may probably list these as follows. Every humanities paper must have a specific guideline or structure. If you would like to display your persuasion skills, you're welcome. It's well worth noting that humanities is made up of a lot of aspects, like languages, religion, philosophy, art etc.. The Ultimate Approach to Humanities 1101 Field Trip Essay Samples On the flip side, you need to ensure that the passages you quote, whether in a primary or secondary source, need to get quoted. You won't ever have to be concerned about receiving a paper that somebody else has written. After the timer goes off, take a look at what you've written. It is essential that every paragraph in the body has 1 principal idea. When you order a paper on the web, there's a probability of a misunderstanding involving you and your writer. The conclusion has to be very enticing. When you're exploring an idea, you would like to represent it accurately first, and after that interpret or criticizeit next. Aristotle was the very first person to concentrate on the literary theory.

The Feminist Criticism Of Antigone Essay - 1703 Words

Student’s Name Tutor’s Name Course Code Date Sophocles Antigone The feminist criticism approach evaluates how sexual identity impacts the creation and perception of literary pieces of art. It was originally an offshoot of the feminist movements but has currently employed certain approaches, such as the Masculinity approach, which is advocated by Robert Bly. Feminist criticism takes a primary role in articulating the patriarchal perceptions that have dominated the Western thought. The perceptions have consciously or unconsciously resulted in literature which is full of raw male-advocated assumptions. The current analysis aims at providing a feminist criticism of Sophocles Antigone, with an objective to achieve an informed position. One of the major conflicts in the â€Å"Antigone† is the struggle between the males and the females. It is explicit that the two genders are involved in deliberate efforts for dominance. In addition, it is evident that the perception that men were meant to dominate the women is paramount. For example, Ismene tells Antigone that even from birth the females were not born to contend with men (75), which depicts the women s subordinate positions in their interactions with the men. Besides, the phrase describes women obedience and their passive nature in the confrontation of the day-to-day activities in the society. The women are displayed as beings whose role is to observe and to have little control over the unfolding events at a given time. WithinShow MoreRelatedThe Feminist Movement In SophoclesAntigone1340 Words   |  6 Pagesneglected Sophoclean play of Antigone has been relaunched into contemporary critical discussion, this is largely through the emergence of the feminism m ovement and the critical theory resulting from it in the late 19th and early 20th century. The feminist movement is defined as â€Å"The advocacy of womens rights on the ground of the equality of the sexes.† Feminist centred reception of the text has often labelled Antigone as a feminist icon, the use of the word feminist is ambiguous. This I becauseRead MoreSophocles Antigone And The Self Isolation Of The Tragic Hero1724 Words   |  7 Pages Sophocles’ Antigone sets the stage of divine law versus civic law and men versus women puppeteering morality. As a cautionary tale of the 5th century, the text studies the clear distinction between Polios (public life) to Oikos (private life) and the dangers one faces when amalgamating the two. In Antigone religious fundamentalism is in battle with Creon’s stubborn grasp over the importance of showing his people the type of leader he is through his subsequent double blasphemy of letting Polynice’sRead MoreJane Austens Novel Sense and Sensibility: An Analysis1492 Words   |  6 Pagesyet Marianne is no feminist role model. Austens Sense and Sensibility show that women are as much to blame as men for perpetuating patriarchy. Marianne does not have any ambitions as far as political activism or career fulfillment is concerned. She is content to live the life proscribed to her by the prevailing patriarchy. That is, Marianne is obsessed with getting married to a suit able man. Although Marianne seems like she would be the strongest candidate for becoming a feminist role model, it isRead MoreThe Tragedy Of Sophocles Antigone Essay1808 Words   |  8 Pages Antigone is the main character of the homonymous tragedy of Sophocles. The play follows the formal conventions of Greek tragedy and it is composed of seven scenes (opening scene, prologos), five scenes and a final scene (exodus), which are divided noticeably by six choral songs (opening lyric, parodos) and five choral songs (stasima) which have some relevance to the dramatic situation. As Aristotle distinguishes in his work of literary criticism, Poetics, part of the excitement of a tragic performanceRead MoreReview of Virginia Woolfs Shakespeares Sister3106 Words   |  13 Pageshaving possessed a genius equal to her brother’s, for her lack of education would have denied its flowering. Therefore as a feminist text, Virginia Woolf argues for a literal space for women writers within a literary tradition dominated by patriarchy as she posits that â€Å"A woman must have money and a room of her own if she is to write fiction.† This essay will do a literary criticism of Woolf’s Shakespeare’s Sister by presenting the biography of the author, the literary context within which the essay wasRead MoreGreek Tragedy And The Morality Of Greek Culture Essay2193 Words   |  9 Pagesplays. Even in the case of a female in the story, a man would portray her. The use of only males in a play is a reflection of the misogynistic mentality of the ancient Greeks in Athens. In Sophocles’ play Antigone, Kreon is the King of Thebes and he exhibits misogynistic behavior against Antigone, the female lead. Antigone’s only offense to Kreon is her attempt to retrieve the body of her dead brother in order to give him a proper burial. However, Kreon has decreed that he is an enemy and is to rotRead MoreA Doll House by Henrik Ibsen7379 Words   |  30 PagesTempleton in her article, â€Å"The Doll House Backlash: Criticism, Feminism and Ibsen†, enumerated arguments that were used to reject the play as a feminist text. After thoroughly scrutinizing the arguments, she did not concur with the ideas and wrote in her journal: â€Å"Finally, research on Ibsen’s life proves that, all claims to the contrary, his intentions in A Doll House were thoroughly feminist† (Templeton). Being claimed and lauded by propaganda feminist, some critics argued that Ibsen’s intention inRead MoreThe Origin, Development and Significance of Human Rights10255 Words   |  42 Pagesancient Greece and Rome, where it was closely tied to the doctrines of the Stoics, who held that human conduct should be judged according to, and brought into harmony with, the law of nature. A classic example of this view is given in Sophocles play Antigone, in which the title character, upon being reproached by King Creon for defying his command not to bury her slain brother, asserted that she acted in accordance with the immutable laws of the gods. In part because Stoicism played a key role in its

What is DNA Where is it found Essay - 660 Words

What is DNA? Where is it found? What makes it so special? How does it work? DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid), is defined as a heredity material in humans or all over other organisms in this world. In a person’s body, nearly every cell has a same DNA. Mostly DNA can be found in cell nucleus and few are found in Mitochondria. (Christine A.Evers, 2012). †¢ COMPONENTS OF DNA: The DNA information is stored as a code and they are made up of four chemical bases: †¢ Adenine (A) †¢ Guanine (G) †¢ Cytosine(C) †¢ Thymine (T) According to my opinion, DNA just affects about everything in a human body, DNA holds all the information needed to proteins and all other traits also that directly affect an organism’s†¦show more content†¦What actually is different in DNA that makes a person different from the other oneIts basically the different pairing of those 4 base codes that we discussed initially; Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Thymine. Everyone in this world have these four base codes in their DNA but the different thing is the different pairings of these base codes. The difference in order or sequence in each person makes him different from the other one. (â€Å"How DNA works†, 2014). One of the important significance of DNA is in genetics and medical research. We are now able to identify and diagnose many diseases at their early stages. Regarding genetics,Individuals susceptibility to a disease can also be diagnosed by the help of DNA. On the other hand,This help has given us a great opportunity to make drugs for the diseases which were previously considered as fatal and non curable.Medical research can answer about those diseases which were questionable before. â€Å"(The importance of DNA†, 2014). We have already discussed about the role and importance of the DNA before and its role has the same im[portance in every field but its contribution in medical world has helped a lot of families and children.We all know about the paternity cases.It used to be aShow MoreRelatedDetermining Who Boy # 1 s Biological Parents Are With The Use Of Dna Fingerprinting1136 Words   |  5 PagesB and Tiarne N Date: 09/09/14 Aim: The aim of this experiment was to determine who boy #1’s biological parents are, with the use of DNA fingerprinting. Hypothesis: If DNA samples are collected from different mother and fathers, then it can be determined which DNA samples have common genes fragments. Background: Deoxyribonucleic acid, or in its’ simple form DNA, contains the code for all characteristics of an organism which is completed by a double helix structure. The structure is made up ofRead MoreThe Effects Of Uvb Waves On Dna Bases1157 Words   |  5 PagesBianchi, J. et al. 2013). But what exactly is ultra violet radiation? The sunlight that reaches us is made up of two types of harmful rays: long wave ultraviolet A (UVA) and short wave ultraviolet B (UVB) There’s also a third type of ray, UVC, these are the shortest and strongest, but they are absorbed by the ozone layer and don’t typically reach the Earth ( Bianchi, J. et al. 2013). However, in many experiments UVC is used. What We Already Know on Effects of UVB Waves on DNA Bases. UVB radiation isRead MoreEssay On Circular Dna Throws Biologists For A Loop946 Words   |  4 PagesCircular DNA Throws Biologists For a Loop In her article Circular DNA throws biologists for a loop Elizabeth Pennisi of Cold Spring Harbor, New York. Examines several developments in the case of mysterious loops known as extrachromosomal circular DNA (eccDNA). Scientists have known about these circular DNA for decades they were first found in the nuclei of plant cells and later in brain cancer cells. At the time scientists speculated that these circular DNA may give brain tumors a genetic boostRead MoreThe Importance of Dna Evidence1575 Words   |  7 PagesThe Importance of DNA Evidence What is DNA? Is it these winding strands that look like ladders or is it what gives a person blonde hair and blue eyes? Actually, DNA is both of these things. DNA is a person’s genetic makeup–their hereditary blueprint passed on by their parents. It is a part of almost every cell in the human body. In each cell, a person’s DNA is the same; it stays the same throughout their lifetime. DNA is found in skin tissue, sweat, bone, the root and shaft of hair, earwax, mucusRead MoreThe Molecular Structure Of Dna1371 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA is the molecule that transports most genetic instructions utilized in the growth, function and biological process of all living organisms and many viruses.† (Merriam-Webster Dictionary) It was first discovered at the University of Tà ¼bingen by Friedrich Miescher in 1869. Miescher discovered DNA through a microscopic substrate in a sample of pus on unwanted surgical gauze. (Dahm) Nature is a scientific journal in Britain, where studies and academic research in scientificRead MoreDNA Conviction And The Truth Behind It In the world of forensic science, exoneration holds a very800 Words   |  4 PagesDNA Conviction And The Truth Behind It In the world of forensic science, exoneration holds a very crucial role. In cases where a person has been convicted of a crime and needs to be proven innocent, exoneration plays a key part. It is what helps the court to decide in a just manner whether the crime was committed by that person or not. Exoneration is based on DNA evidence and therefore, is the most authentic. The main purpose of exoneration is to help the legal system by allowing innocent peopleRead MoreDna Research Paper809 Words   |  4 PagesThe discovery of DNA began in 1928 when the British bacteriologist Frederick Griffith was performing an experiment with mice based on pneumococcus, a bacterium that causes pneumonia in humans. This bacterium has a capsule made of polysaccharides that has a shiny and smooth appearance, called s-strain. There are mutants of s-strain that do not produce this capsule and form a rough-looking colony called r-strain. Griffith discovered that this mutant did not kill the mice, but if p neumococcus R wasRead MoreShould Federal Agents Be Allowed For Collect Dna From Anyone Arrested?1228 Words   |  5 Pagesto collect DNA from anyone arrested? This is a controversial issue. In my opinion, DNA is a very powerful and useful tool because many sex crimes go unsolved because of lack of evidence, but if federal agents can look in a database where DNA samples are stored and compare it to anyone who was arrested especially those who committed sex crimes more crimes would be solved. Many say DNA testing violates suspects rights under the Fourth Amendment of the Constitution of the United States. DNA testing hasRead MoreDna Evidence Of A Dna Unit Within A Crime Lab1551 Words   |  7 PagesToday in the crime world, DNA evidence is strongly accepted in solving crime cases. This is all based in part by allowing a crime laboratory to have a designated unit whose main goal is to analyze DNA evidence to aid investigators with positive outcomes in crime case solving. With that b eing said we are going to discuss the functions of a DNA unit within a crime lab as well as address the vital role these units play in solving crime. Let’s start by defining what in fact is DNA analysis. According toRead MoreHow Deinococcus Radiodurans Is A Member Of The Bacteria Kingdom894 Words   |  4 Pagesmore specifically, the Deinococus genus. It is spherical in shape, and approximately 1.5 to 3.5  µm in diameter. It is usually found in tetrad formation: where four individual cells stick together. D. radiodurans isn t known the cause any diseases, nor does it form endospores, and it stains gram positive. It is non-motile, and an obligate aerobic chemoorganoheterotroph. What makes D. radiodurans so unique, is its ability to withstand ionizing radiation, UV light, desiccation, and even oxidizing and

Interview On The Interview Session - 941 Words

Introduction The interview session is conducted face-to-face at home. At first, interviewing this individual was very difficult because of the personal relationship we share. Due to our goofy characteristics and light nature of our relationship, it was hard to be serious to conduct the standard interview and stick to the objective. However, we were able to compose ourselves and have a successful dialogue, where I was able to ask serious questions for the assignment. We had an effective conversation where we were both open and honest with one another. My interviewee was Biniyam Birhane, my boyfriend and the father of our beautiful children, Delina and Nehemiah. Biniyam came into my life six years ago through a mutual friend and we have been in a committed relationship for the past four years after building a foundation of friendship. Within the short timeframe, our life was completed changed to a selfless journey; we are both completely dedicated to our children. However, self-disclosure, trust, l ove, and commitment shared among each placed us at vulnerable moments that confirmed the trust for each other. Like any other relationships, the conflict were there to enhance our relations; however, we created a coping strategy to overcome the conflicts. This interview, in a way, helped us realize the positive qualities we share are irreplaceable and it is worth embracing: our children, values, culture, trust, love, and each other. Analysis The languages we routinely use toShow MoreRelatedThe Interview Session That I Had With Pastor1322 Words   |  6 Pages This paper will discuss my reflection to the interview session that I had with Pastor Stephen Paulsen. Stephen Paulsen is the high school Pastor at Venture Christian Church. He has been a high school Pastor for about 13 years. Stephen has started his ministry at Venture Christian Church since August 2014. Before working at Venture, He began his first ministry in serving the high school students in South Carolina. He has four kids (three boys and one daughter) and a beautiful wife. This paperRead MoreEthical Issues Regarding The Interview Session Was The Client s Mental Health Issues1186 Words   |  5 Pagesmany of whom are disadvantaged in some way. What were some of the ethical and/or professional issues and considerations that arose during your interviewing sessions? How were these issues addressed or resolved? How might they be different from working with o ther types of clients? (350 words) One ethical issue that arose during the interview session was the client’s mental health issues. I decided not to delve into these mental health issues further because it was not relevant to his matter which wasRead MoreFactors Influencing Women s Participation1582 Words   |  7 Pagesobservation, interviews and autoethnography to document the factors influencing women’s participation in sports. This was later categorised and sorted into the facilitators and obstacles to women athletes’ participation in sports. Participant observations of consenting participants, occurred before, during and after games and training sessions of teams and individuals. This normally occurred between 3:00pm - 6:00 pm on match days, and 4:30 pm- 11:00 pm on training days. Interviews transpired atRead MoreFactors Influencing Women s Participation1407 Words   |  6 Pagesobservation, interviews and autoethnography to document the factors influencing women’s participation in sports. This was later categorised and sorted into the facilitators and obstacles to women athletes’ participation in sports. Participant observations of consenting participants, occurred before, during and after games and training sessions of teams and individuals. This normally occurred between 3:00pm - 6:00 pm on match days, and 4:30 pm- 11:00 pm on training days. Interviews transpired atRead MoreThe Deconstruction Of Mentor Texts Essay1074 Words   |  5 PagesEach of the three cycles included one initial draft writing session, one elaborating ideas session and one changing vocabulary session. Each of the inquiry cycles had a different authentic context and topic focus and each session involved links to reading programme (Appendix ?). Although text structure and topic knowledge was not an explicit focus of the intervention, it is recognised as an essential foundation of expert writing. Therefore the deconstruction of mentor texts, analysis of text structureRead MoreThre e Day Orientation and Training Program1173 Words   |  5 Pagessupervisors to fill open positions. The HRD screens, interviews, tests, and conducts background checks on all applicants to determine if they meet the requirements of the specific jobs available. Once this process is complete, all potential employees for an open position are then interviewed by the department supervisor. The supervisor then conducts either a structured or and unstructured interview, depending on their needs for hire. When conducting interviews, supervisors have to be cautious to avoid commonRead MorePersonal Statement : My Body Language And Eye Contact871 Words   |  4 Pagesable to engage the client in the session. The client was willing and open to discussing her problem. In addition, she seemed comfortable with the discussion. I think my body language and eye contact demonstrated that I was open to listening to the client’s problem. I think I am improving on my ability to engage the clie nt. For instance, motivational interviewing techniques have been helpful to engage the client. Furthermore, I think I communicated clearly in the session. I think the improvements I madeRead MoreClinical Psychology Masters Program At Eastern Illinois University1270 Words   |  6 PagesFor this interview assignment, I was lucky enough to interview someone that I have always looked up to and is very close to my heart, my sister Michelle Diaz. Ms. Diaz has her Bachelors in Psychology, minor in human development and is currently enrolled in the Clinical Psychology Masters program at Eastern Illinois University. While she’s working towards obtaining her Masters in Science of Clinical Psychology she also holds a job as a Medical Health Technician (MHT) at a health care facility calledRead MoreEssay on Information Gathering Techniques939 Words   |  4 Pageshappening, or may rely on the reported observations of others. In indirect personal observation the researcher must rely on the reported observations (including self-observations) of others. In this type of observation the research could conduct interviews with people about how they use, for example the search-engines. This is one of the most reliable methods for you to gauge the learners competence. Use this (http://www.sla.org/PDFs/SLA2009/2009GatherandAnalyzeData__PQD%203-09.pdf) Questionnaire Read MoreCommunication Is A Core Social Work Skills1389 Words   |  6 PagesSam the service user was played by an actor. I conducted a 10 minutes mock interview with him. Two members of academic staff and one real service user were observing the progress of the interview. The assessment was filmed. To be able to reflect critically, I was provided with a copy of the video clip along with the observer’s feedback. The remit of the task was to gain a broad understanding of Sam’s background. I believe that the role playing exercise along with this reflective account helped me

The Taliban Essay example - 1565 Words

As I started to think about what aspect of terrorism I wanted to write a paper on, it occurred to me that I didnt really know much about the Taliban group. Which is one of the major terrorist groups in todays society. So I am going to try and explain this group the best that I can. In couple different aspects, one is what their rules are, two how they treat women, and three what types of terrorist acts they have committed. The Taliban group is a group of men who formed in 1994 in the country of Kandahar by Islamic students who took a radical approach to interpreting Islam. The Group also believes in strict Islamic rules. According to them the men must have beards four fingers in length, there shall be no music, Nintendo, and women should†¦show more content†¦The Taliban has some of the most frightening rules for Afghan people: A kite seller will be imprisoned for three days, the owner of a house will be punished if women are heard singing during a wedding, no images or phot ographs are to be posted in public places, there is to be no equipment that produces the joy of music, and even Christmas cards are to be banned. The list goes on and on with the harsh rules and punishment that face the people of Afghanistan. The Taliban claims that they are following the strict codes of Islam, but now it seems that the group is just dictating the country to whatever they seem suitable. The Taliban customs personal would gouge out the images of womens eyes on shampoo bottles, and merchants would have to sell the product with black tape over the women image or face a beating and time in jail. The group of men that run the Taliban regime amaze me on how everything is played out in Afghanistan. The men want a bid into the U.N. but cant even have a country where people arent afraid to walk down the streets in fear of being stoned or shot to death. The second aspect of the regime that really amazed me was how the women are treated under the Taliban rule. Every woman must wear a burqa veil no matter where she is going. If a woman is found outside of her house with out her veil on she can be whipped orShow MoreRelatedTaliban And The Taliban Of Afghanistan889 Words   |  4 PagesOne of the most radical religious groups in the world today are known as the Taliban. The Taliban is a â€Å"fundamentalist Muslim group that controlled much of Afghanistan from 1996 to 2001† (Maley NP). The Taliban took power after the Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan. When the Soviet Union left Afghanistan, the Taliban rose to power and took much control of the country. The Taliban leader is Mullah Mohammad Omar. The Taliban in Afghanistan are an IslÄ mic group, that uses harsh rules against Afghanistan’sRead MoreTaliban And The Taliban From Afghanistan3160 Words   |  13 PagesThe Taliban is an extremist Islamic group highly emphasizing a strong interpretation of sharia law that arose in the early 1990s after the withdrawal of Soviet troops from Afghanista n. Referencing the BBC article, a common belief holds that the Taliban first emerged in religious seminaries that preached a hard line of Sunni Islam. The Taliban’s promise to Afghanistan, Pakistan, and the surrounding area was to restore peace and security using their interpretation of the sharia law once they were inRead MoreHistory of the Taliban1338 Words   |  6 PagesMullah Muhammad Omar, the leader of the Afghanistan Taliban Regime and one of the most wanted men by the United States (U.S.) government. How does a man born to one of the poorest province become one of the most wanted men alive? The U. S. State Department is offering a reward up to ten million dollars for the capture of Mullah Omar. Omar is considered to be a man of mystery, who is highly respected, feared, and stubborn among his people. Omar is said to have ties with al-Qaeda, a known terroristRead MoreThe Emergence Of The Taliban Essay1537 Words   |  7 PagesThe beginnings of the Taliban can be tie d back to the Soviet defeat in Afghanistan. The defeat of the Soviet’s was due to collaboration among various tribal leaders. The Soviet withdraw and the shift in American foreign policy allowed the emergence of new rivalries and coalitions among different Afghan groups, such as the non-Pashtuns and Pashtuns, Sunnis v Shias, Ghilsais v Durranis and also among the Pashtun tribes themselves. The Soviet withdrawal, ultimately, led to a civil war among local warlordsRead MoreThe Threat Of The Taliban1126 Words   |  5 PagesAfghanistan, making it a hideout for terrorists. Before 9/11, Bin Laden and Al Qaeda had formed relations with the Taliban. Today Afghanistan is still unstable and is vulnerable to Isis. Afghani troops, are not able to stand alone, they don’t have the training they require to fight Isis. Right now the Taliban isn’t a big threat because Isis is a much more extreme version of the Taliban. In Afghanistan women have no rights, society is male domin ant and this shows the US that obviously Afghanistan’sRead MoreThe Taliban Of The Swat Valley1092 Words   |  5 PagesValley’s largest industries, until the area was seized by the Taliban. The Taliban used guns and bombs to terrorize the citizens of the Swat Valley, so citizens would succumb to their way of life. This affected people’s jobs, education and their health. The Swat Valley was just one of the many places that were occupied by the Taliban. The Taliban ruined thousands of lives of those in Pakistan and Afghanistan. Using violence, the Taliban controlled and affected the lives of people in terms of theirRead MoreThe Threat Of The Taliban Essay930 Words   |  4 PagesPrior to its fall, the Taliban was the essential state supporter of Al Qaeda and gave a place of refuge that permitted training camps to be set up in Afghanistan. After the fall of the Taliban, Al Qaeda has extended out to other terrorist amasses in Egypt, Algeria, Pakistan, Yemen, Leban on, and Somalia. In Canada, terrorism exuding from Al-Qaeda-propelled radicalism remains a genuine risk. In spite of late fruitful operations focusing on Al-Qaeda Core, the Service keeps on seeing backing for AQRead MoreTaliban, By Ahmed Rashid1430 Words   |  6 PagesI choose to read Taliban, by Ahmed Rashid, in hopes of gaining a better understanding of radical Islam, and the conditions under which it flourishes. I choose Rashid’s book, because he offers a unique perspective to the region, being a Pakistani journalist he was able to interview most of the Taliban’s major players. This paper will provide as both my subsequent review of his work as well as drawing connections between ISIS and the Taliban’s overall goals and strategies. Rashid’s investigationRead MoreTaking a Look at the Taliban596 Words   |  2 Pages Taliban is a Pashtun nationalist and extremely conservation Muslim movement with encompassing Pashtun ethnic majority. This organization was founded by an extremely inscrutable individual named Mullah Mohammed Omar, and the word Talib is an Arabic word which means Student the follower of this movement which is called Taliban were religious students with a very conservative understanding of Islamic law. Taliban went through three phases starting from September 1994 up to September 1996 they wereRead MoreEssay The Taliban and Afghanistan1195 Words   |  5 PagesThe Taliban and Afghanistan Afghanistan followed the same fate as dozens of formerly Soviet-occupied countries after the collapse of Moscows Marxist government in 1991. Islamic factions, which had united to expel the Russian occupiers in 1992, began to fight among themselves when it became apparent that post-communist coalition governments could not overcome the deep-rooted ethnic and religious differences of the members. It was in this atmosphere of economic strife and civil war that a

Factors Impeding Ethical Consumption Pepsico - Free Sample Solution

Questions: Write an analytical business report on what ethical consumerism means for businesses. Choose a company and explain and analyse how they operate ethically. This must take into account the ethics and values of the company you choose to focus on. The report must be written in business report format and include the following six numbered sections: An executive summary which gives a brief overview of the argument in your report including key findings and conclusions. A contents page which lists the sections and the page numbers. An introduction which gives an overview of the structure of your report. A brief overview and analysis of ethical consumerism, identifying the examples of some of the products which fall into the ethical category. You must include a definition of ethical consumerism and arguments as to why it is a good strategy for businesses to adopt. A detailed review of one company claiming to operate ethically. Discuss the approach(es) they have used to become a more socially conscious business, linking this with their ethics and values. The results of a short opinion survey on what influences consumer buying behaviour, carried out by you from a small sample of 10-15 students at GSM London. You need to conduct primary research for this section. A conclusion which includes critical evaluation of ethical consumerism based on the evidence that you have gathered both from your primary and secondary research, focusing on the company you have chosen for detailed review. Recommendations as to how your company could become more ethical. You must include a references list after the main body of the report. Remember to use Harvard referencing where appropriate. A copy of your opinion survey should be included in an appendix. Answers: Introduction Ethical consumerism is the current trend among the customers of the UK. Almost 80% customers prefer to buy those products sourced in an ethical way. The definition of ethical consumerism is supporting the fact that only products or their quality is not associated with the sense of ethical consumerism whereas the business practice of the company is also a factor. Many companies is using child labor, some are not paying properly to their employees, some are harming the environment and some are exploiting the society (Carrington, Neville and Whitwell 2014). All these factors are related with the ethical consumerism that customers are looking for. Looking at the sector growth in this segment most of the companies have started ethical practices within their organization. However, only practice will not increase the awareness therefore companies are promoting their initiative of ethical business to attract the ethical customer to increase the business (Katz 2011). The objective of this rep ort is to understand the ethical practice of PepsiCo within their business organization. The study also ascertains how, they are promoting such ethical consumerism. The company had a bad record in the past therefore the report will analyze how they are able to increase the ethical customer base. Ethical consumerism Ethical consumerism is the latest concept of the current business environment. Ethical consumerism refers to the preference of the customer to buy a product sourced and distributed ethically that may be as simple as choosing. According to Bray, Johns, and Kilburn (2011), ethical consumerism can be viewed from two different perspectives one is the customers perspective and the other is the organizations perspective. From the customers perspective it can be assessed that the companies that are well aware about the ethical responsibilities towards the society, will be benefiting more, therefore supporting those organization is better to develop an environmental safety assurance. On the other hand, White, MacDonnell, and Ellard (2012) have stated that organizations are viewing it as one of their strategies to get more business. The preference of the ethical product is growing among the global customers as well as the customers of the UK. Therefore, many organizations are emphasizing to p romote their product from the ethical point of view so that more customers prefer to buy their products with the ethical sentiment. Two categories of products are operating their businesses that are ethical and unethical. Many companies do their business by practicing a wrong way (Shen et al. 2012). It may so happen that few companies that do not pay properly to their employees come to the list of unethical business. This happens because employees are providing the material of business and the company is not looking after them. PepsiCo is one such company that operates their business in the food sector, which has changed its image from few unethical practices to become one of the ethical companies in the world. The company has changed their strategy of product that is associated with the health concerns of the customers (Yeon Kim and Chung 2011). The company is diversifying their business from the carbonated drinks to the natural and organic drink. Tropicana is one such brand from PepsiCo that is produced keeping in mind the health concerns of their customers (Papaoikonomou, Ryan and Ginieis 2011). Looking at the environmental aspect, the company is also trying to build their manufacturing units that are environmentally friendly so that they get maximum mileage in the industry. Since the preferences of the customers are increasing towards the ethical products, therefore implementing this strategy is producing better results for them. Companies that are practicing ethical business through their products and processes are emphasizing to increase the awareness towards the ethical product and they are conducting several programs to make customers understand that use of such product will help them to contribute for the betterment of the environment (Singh, Iglesias and Batista-Foguet 2012). Company review of PepsiCo PepsiCo is adopting an ethical business throughout various processes so that they can also get the benefit of ethical consumerism. The company has changed their strategy by implementing several sustainable approaches to their business. The company has taken a target to increase the use of recycled plastic for their packaging by 50% within 2018. The company is currently using 34% recycled plastic for their packaging. To implement this strategy PepsiCo is conducting several awareness programs for the customers so that they help to gather plastic instead of throwing it here and there. More adoption of the recycled plastic will help to reduce the cost of packaging by the company. To get success in the recycling of the bottles the company has collaborated with the Dream Machine recycling initiative for their waste management (Davies, Lee and Ahonkhai 2012). The project structure shows that there will be kiosks in different locations. Consumers will scan the barcode of the can or bottle an d put them into the collection box. If consumers are maintaining this process then they will get reward points that can be redeemed for movie ticket, coupons, and many others (Solomon, Russell-Bennett and Previte 2012). Ethical packaging also includes several information printed on the sticker, therefore, the company is also emphasizing on the information part to provide the consumer right to their customer. The company is also emphasizing on the health of their customers because most of the customers are concerned of the effect of the soft drinks. Looking at this concern, the company is initiating several healthy products that are low in fat and sugar and will not increase the calorie intake (Bucic, Harris and Arli 2012). The main product of the company was associated with the carbonated drinks and many consumer forums are raising the question of health concerns with the carbonated product. PepsiCo has launched Tropicana brand that is a 100% natural with no synthetic ingredient added to it (Lewis and Potter 2011). PepsiCo is promoting this brand to those customers who are concerned with the health aspect and who would not want to intake anything unnatural. Looking at the health benefits of their customers the company has also introduced various potato chips that are low in calorie such as baked potato chips. To provide a good healthy product to their customers it is important that the c ompany get good raw materials. In order to achieve this they are working with their suppliers to provide the best and natural ingredients for their production (Brunk and Blmelhuber 2011). Quality of each product undergoes thorough checking so that customers get the best product. The company is adhering to the food safety laws and regulations that are applicable to avoid any problem in the future. PepsiCo is also emphasizing on responsible marketing of their product so that they do not put any adverse effect on the society. The company has involved several celebrities throughout the globe to send a good message to their customers so that customers feel better about the product they are consuming (Erwin 2011). The company has made a lot of profit from the society. Thus, they have introduced the PepsiCo foundation that helps many non-profit organizations to make better contribution to the society. The company proposes to promote the philosophy of the PepsiCo to foster healthy, vibrant, and self-sufficient communities worldwide through global partnerships that improve the quality of life across communities in areas of need. Not only the company itself involves with the community welfare program but it also encourages their employees to make good contribution to the society so that they can help every human being to live a better life (Littler 2011). The company has made their mar k by donating good amount to the disaster relief foundation. The company introduced the We Inspire campaign, which provides a platform to empower women throughout the globe. All these activities of the organization encourage building a healthy society and PepsiCo being a global organization they have tried to provide the facility to all the country where they make their business (Joy et al. 2012). Opinion survey The opinion survey conducted took place in one of the busy supermarkets in the UK. The customers in that supermarket are very brand conscious and they try to buy ethical products as much as possible. For this opinion survey, a sample size of 10 consumers was s taken. There was a short questionnaire where customers have given their opinion in the form of ratings about various factors of the PepsiCos business. The ratings range from 1-10. The questionnaire asked about several aspect of ethical business for PepsiCo. During the survey, most of the samples were well aware about the activity of the organization that is associated with their business. The factors of the rating were social responsibility, child labor, consumer health and environmental responsibility. Most of the consumers are well aware about all the aspect of ethical consumerism and they were of the opinion that there was some problem in the initial stage with PepsiCo. The company was unable to produce products that are hea lthy for the consumers. Therefore, the company has changed their strategy and initiated many healthy products in the recent time. According to the customers, PepsiCo has made a good mark in prohibiting child labor and they have taken many initiatives to prevent the same. The average score given by the customers are 9.1, which is very good. The next best score is in the social responsibility that is 7.4 and customers know the initiative of providing a platform for womens empowerment. The third segment that customers spotted about the ethical consumerism is the environmental responsibility. All the customers are well aware of the collaboration of PepsiCo with Dream Machine project. Customer appreciates the initiative of environmental sustainability and average score in this segment is 7.3, which is more than the best. The last segment that was consumer health has made very poor score from the consumer perspective. The score is as low as 4.4. This says that PepsiCo is not providing a h ealthy product to their consumers. Ethical consumerism should emphasize in this aspect also because customers want good product from the organization. PepsiCo still managed to score 4.4 in this segment because of their initiative to provide good product like Tropicana that is 100% natural with no added sugar. The company also introduced diet Pepsi and Mountain dew in the segment of carbonated drinks to minimize the calorie intake by the customers. Conclusion In conclusion, from this report we understand that the current market of the business environment is changing rapidly. Customers are becoming aware about their products and they want to support those companies only who make ethical business. Particularly in the UK 80% of consumer, emphasize on buying ethical product. The definition of ethical consumerism is also associated with the ethical responsibility of the organization. Most of the time the consumers prefer ethically processed products. Therefore, most of the organizations are emphasizing to produce the ethical product for their customer to get the maximum preference. The initiative like recycling plastic for their packaging, providing better platform to empower women in the society and increase the health and safety factor within their product. The company is also providing relief fund to the disaster victims, which are the example of ethical responsibility. The average score of ethical consumerism is high because customers rea lize that the organization is changing their strategy to become one of the ethical organizations in the world. Recommendations Health and safety PepsiCo should emphasize more on the health and safety features for their product. They should be more responsible because their brand value is high among the customers. Products those are bad for health need withdrawal and substitutes needs greater promotion in the markets for better health. More environmental responsibility Company is using recycle plastic for their packaging whereas company should use biodegradable plastic that is much better for the environmental sustainability. Child labour PepsiCo is not allowing child labour in their business. This alone is not enough. They should make more campaigns to prevent child labour so that every country gets the benefit of the project. Reference List Bray, J., Johns, N. and Kilburn, D., 2011. An exploratory study into the factors impeding ethical consumption.Journal of business ethics,98(4), pp.597-608. Brunk, K.H. and Blmelhuber, C., 2011. One strike and you're out: Qualitative insights into the formation of consumers' ethical company or brand perceptions.Journal of Business Research,64(2), pp.134-141. Bucic, T., Harris, J. and Arli, D., 2012. Ethical consumers among the millennials: A cross-national study.Journal of Business Ethics,110(1), pp.113-131. Carrington, M.J., Neville, B.A. and Whitwell, G.J., 2014. Lost in translation: Exploring the ethical consumer intentionbehavior gap.Journal of Business Research,67(1), pp.2759-2767. Davies, I.A., Lee, Z. and Ahonkhai, I., 2012. Do consumers care about ethical-luxury?.Journal of Business Ethics,106(1), pp.37-51. Erwin, P.M., 2011. Corporate codes of conduct: The effects of code content and quality on ethical performance.Journal of Business Ethics,99(4), pp.535-548. Joy, A., Sherry Jr, J.F., Venkatesh, A., Wang, J. and Chan, R., 2012. Fast fashion, sustainability, and the ethical appeal of luxury brands.Fashion Theory,16(3), pp.273-295. Katz, M.A., 2011. The politics of purchasing: Ethical consumerism, civic engagement, and political participation in the United States. Lewis, T. and Potter, E., 2011.Ethical consumption: A critical introduction. Routledge. Littler, J., 2011. 2 Whats wrong with ethical consumption?.Ethical consumption: A critical introduction, p.27. Papaoikonomou, E., Ryan, G. and Ginieis, M., 2011. Towards a holistic approach of the attitude behaviour gap in ethical consumer behaviours: Empirical evidence from Spain.International Advances in Economic Research,17(1), pp.77-88. Shen, B., Wang, Y., Lo, C.K. and Shum, M., 2012. The impact of ethical fashion on consumer purchase behavior.Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management: An International Journal,16(2), pp.234-245. Singh, J.J., Iglesias, O. and Batista-Foguet, J.M., 2012. Does having an ethical brand matter? The influence of consumer perceived ethicality on trust, affect and loyalty.Journal of Business Ethics,111(4), pp.541-549. Solomon, M., Russell-Bennett, R. and Previte, J., 2012.Consumer behaviour. Pearson Higher Education AU. White, K., MacDonnell, R. and Ellard, J.H., 2012. Belief in a just world: Consumer intentions and behaviors toward ethical products.Journal of Marketing,76(1), pp.103-118. Yeon Kim, H. and Chung, J.E., 2011. Consumer purchase intention for organic personal care products.Journal of consumer Marketing,28(1), pp.40-47.